The Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange closed higher on Friday, with the volume of stocks traded declining 21 percent and the value 22 percent lower than on Thursday after just 38 securities trading versus 41 on Thursday and ended with 12 rising, 12 declining and 14 closing unchanged.
A total of 6,115,628 shares were traded for $18,600,896 down from 7,760,885 units at $23,865,502 on Thursday.
Trading averaged 160,938 shares at $489,497 from 189,290 units at $582,085 on Thursday with the month to date averaging 246,806 units at $767,886 against 251,077 stock units at $781,733 on the previous day. September closed with an average of 470,099 units at $1,578,447.
Dolla Financial led trading with 1.59 million shares for 26 percent of total volume followed by JFP Ltd with 1.18 million units for 19.2 percent of the day’s trade and Future Energy Source with 511,980 units for 8.4 percent market share.
At the close, the Junior Market Index rose 25.86 points to settle at 4,150.00.
The PE Ratio, a measure of computing appropriate stock values, averages 13. The PE ratios of Junior Market stocks incorporate ICInsider.com projected earnings for companies with financial year end that falls between November this year and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows five stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and one stock with a lower offer.
At the close, Access Financial rallied $3.49 in closing at $24.50 with an exchange of 455 shares, AMG Packaging gained 22 cents to end at $3.47 in exchanging 1,777 stocks, Blue Power advanced 28 cents to $3.40 after a transfer of 30 stock units. Consolidated Bakeries popped 19 cents to end at $2.69 with investors transferring 55,236 units, Dolla Financial rose 19 cents to close at $3.39 with 1,588,354 stock units crossing the exchange, General Accident shed 55 cents to end at $4.55, after an exchange of 32,452 units. iCreate declined 12 cents in closing at $2.01 as investors traded 177,311 shares, Indies Pharma increased 13 cents to $2.93 while exchanging 51,231 stocks, KLE Group fell 10 cents to close at $1.70, with 18,070 stocks clearing the market. Knutsford Express dropped 65 cents to $9.10 after trading 19,657 stock units, Lasco Manufacturing climbed 28 cents to $4.25 with a transfer of 5,949 shares, Main Event dipped 35 cents in closing at $9.01 with the swapping of 17,606 units. 
MFS Capital Partners lost 14 cents to end at $3.10 as 121,077 stock units passed through the market and Tropical Battery lost 11 cents in ending at $2.63, with 45,771 shares changing hands.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trading dropped on JSE USD Market
Trading on the Jamaica Stock Exchange US dollar market ended on Friday, with the volume of stocks exchanged declining 96 percent with a marginally higher value than on Thursday, resulting in seven securities traded, the same as on Thursday, with three rising, two declining and two ending unchanged.
Overall, 55,704 shares traded for US$12,962 compared to 1,307,226 units at US$12,689 on Thursday.
Trading averaged 7,965 units at US$1,851 versus 186,747 shares at US$1,813 on Thursday, with month to date average of 40,612 shares at US$2,260 versus 42,097 units at US$2,279 on the previous trading day. September ended with an average of 87,926 units for US$4,746.
The JSE US Denominated Equities Index inched higher by 0.04 points to end at 206.43.
The PE Ratio, a measure used in computing appropriate stock values, averages 8.4. The PE ratio uses ICInsider.com earnings forecasts for companies with financial years ending between November and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows no stocks ended with a bid higher than the last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, First Rock Real Estate USD share remained at 7.5 US cents, with 7,207 shares changing hands, MPC Caribbean Clean Energy shed 14 cents ending at a record low of 61 US cents after exchanging 457 stocks, Productive Business Solutions dropped 8 cents to US$1.30, with one unit changing hands. 
Proven Investments increased 0.94 of a cent in closing at 20 US cents, with 10,333 stock units crossing the market, Sygnus Real Estate Finance USD share rallied 0.69 of a cent to 11.64 US cents in exchanging 40 stock units and Transjamaican Highway gained 0.11 of one cent to close at 0.91 of one US cent, with 31,141 units crossing the exchange.
In the preference segment, JMMB Group 5.75% ended at US$1.50 with investors transferring 6,525 shares.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Gains outshine losses on TTSE Friday
Rising stocks outnumbered those rising at the close of activity on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Friday, with a 78 percent fall in the volume of stocks traded and an 84 percent decline in the value compared with Thursday, resulting in 18 securities trading down from 20 on Thursday, with seven stocks rising, three declining and eight remaining unchanged.
Investors traded 265,800 shares for $3,622,246 down from 1,193,737 stocks at $22,855,716 on Thursday.
An average of 14,767 shares were traded at $201,236 versus 59,687 stocks at $1,142,786 on Thursday, with trading month to date averaging 30,591 shares at $373,508 versus 31,475 units at $383,138 on the previous day. The average trade for September to 45,817 at $463,533.
The Composite Index rallied 3.74 points to 1,320.63, the All T&T Index advanced 5.08 points to 1,971.45 and the Cross-Listed Index popped 0.32 points to settle at 87.38.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows three stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, Angostura Holdings climbed 81 cents after ending at $24.95 while trading 40 shares, Calypso Macro Investment Fund remained at $22 as investors exchanged 111 stocks, Clico Investment Fund gained 5 cents to end at $30, with 50,344 units crossing the market. First Citizens Group ended at $50.05 in trading 679 stock units, GraceKennedy advanced 20 cents to $5.20 with investors transferring 237 stocks, Guardian Holdings ended at $25.06 after exchanging 2,000 shares. JMMB Group remained at $2 in trading 14,366 stock units, Massy Holdings dropped 1 cent to $4.50 after an exchange of 108,619 units, National Enterprises popped 11 cents to close at $3.26 with 3,412 units changing hands. 
NCB Financial increased 1 cent to $4.81, with 40,290 stock units crossing the exchange, Point Lisas remained at $3.25 in switching ownership of 10 shares, Prestige Holdings ended at $6.50, with 1,020 stocks clearing the market. Republic Financial fell 2 cents to end at $135 after trading 527 units, Scotiabank remained at $77.85 with a transfer of 6,561 shares, Trinidad & Tobago NG shed 5 cents in ending at $22.05 after dealings in 24,719 stocks. Trinidad Cement ended at $3.50, with 5,010 stock units crossing the market, Unilever Caribbean rose 22 cents in closing at $13.04 after a transfer of 1,836 shares and West Indian Tobacco rallied 45 cents to end at $22 with an exchange of 6,019 stock units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Falling volume, slipping prices on JSE Main Market
The volume of stocks traded declined 59 percent, with a 28 percent lower value than in trading Wednesday at the close of activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange Main Market on Thursday and ended, with 56 securities trading, up from 53 on Wednesday, with prices of 16 rising, 28 declining and 12 ending unchanged.
A total of 7,725,167 shares were traded for $52,758,028 down from 18,798,375 units at $73,598,833 on Wednesday.
Trading averaged 137,949 shares at $942,108 down from 354,686 stock units at $1,388,657 on Wednesday and month to date, an average of 162,977 units at $1,404,898 down from 164,430 units at $1,431,754 on the previous day. September closed with an average of 533,719 units at $5,494,282.
Wigton Windfarm led trading with 3.13 million shares for 40.5 percent of total volume, followed by Pulse Investments with 1.06 million units for 13.7 percent of the day’s trade and Transjamaican Highway with 990,665 units for 12.8 percent market share.
The All Jamaican Composite Index shed 1,462.75 points to settle at 400,663.30, the JSE Main Index declined 1,237.21 points to 350,041.76 and the JSE Financial Index dropped 0.43 points to close at 84.26.
The PE Ratio, a formula to ascertain appropriate stock values, averages 13.5 for the Main Market. The JSE Main and USD Market PE ratios incorporate earnings forecasted by ICInsider.com for companies with the financial year ending between November and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows eight stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and seven with lower offers.
At the close, Barita Investments dipped $1.16 to close at $100 with 2,216 shares clearing the market, Caribbean Cement lost 40 cents to end at $57.50 after exchanging 32,270 stock units, Eppley Caribbean Property Fund dropped $1.03 to $38.01 after trading 2,137 units. GraceKennedy climbed 50 cents in closing at $89.50 with investors dealing in 77,765 stocks, Guardian Holdings shed $5 in ending at $495 after a transfer of 8,167 stock units, Jamaica Producers fell $1.70 to $17.30 with 8,532 shares changing hands. Kingston Wharves advanced $1.65 in closing at $37.90 in transferring 524 units, NCB Financial declined $1 to close at $85 with investors swapping 225,109 stocks, Palace Amusement shed 81 cents to $827 after trading 43 stock units. 
Proven Investments rallied $1.49 to end at $30 with the swapping of 1,250 units, Sagicor Group dipped 49 cents to $50.50 in trading 10,901 shares, Scotia Group dropped 60 cents in closing at $35.40 with 29,966 stocks crossing the exchange and Seprod dropped $2.79 to $68.16 while exchanging 4,390 units.
In the preference segment, 138 Student Living’s preference share increased $6.90 to close at $52.94 after15 stock units crossed the market and Productive Business Solutions 9.75% preference share declined $33 to $107 in transferring 29 stocks.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Junior Market consolidates
The Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange continued in consolidation mode on Thursday, with the Market Index slipping just 8.04 points to 4,124.14 as the volume of stocks traded declined 41 percent and the value 35 percent lower than on Wednesday after 41 securities were exchanged down from 43 on Wednesday and ended with 18 rising, 16 declining and seven closing unchanged.
A total of 7,760,885 shares were traded for $23,865,502 down from 13,259,001 units at $36,695,111 on Wednesday.
Trading averaged 189,290 shares at $582,085 compared with 308,349 units at $853,375 on Wednesday, with an average of 251,077 stock units at $781,733 month to date compared with 254,581 units at $793,054 on the previous day. Trading in September closed with an average of 470,099 units at $1,578,447. Dolla Financial led trading with 1.50 million shares for 19.3 percent of total volume, followed by JFP Ltd with 1.20 million units for 15.5 percent of the day’s trade and Fosrich, 1.15 million units for 14.8 percent of market share.
The PE Ratio, a measure of computing appropriate stock values, averages 12.9. The PE ratios of Junior Market stocks incorporate ICInsider.com projected earnings for companies with financial year end that falls between November this year and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows six stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, Access Financial dropped $3.48 to $21.01 after trading 90 shares, AMG Packaging dipped 23 cents to close at $3.25 in switching ownership of 19,390 stock units, Caribbean Flavours rallied 10 cents to $1.74, 921 stocks crossing the market. Consolidated Bakeries fell 20 cents to $2.50 after 5,000 units passed through the market, General Accident popped 55 cents in closing at $5.10 with investors transferring 5,900 stocks, Jamaican Teas lost 28 cents to end at $2.65 with an exchange of 703,231 stock units. KLE Group climbed 13 cents to $1.80 with a transfer of 62,398 units, Knutsford Express rose 45 cents to close at a 52 weeks’ high of $9.75 after 6,498 shares crossed the exchange, Lasco Financial advanced 12 cents to end at $2.84 with dealings in 47,470 shares. Lasco Manufacturing shed 31 cents in closing at $3.97 as investors exchanged a mere 500 units, Limners and Bards dropped 34 cents in closing at a 52 weeks’ low of $2.35 with the swapping of 144,562 units, Lumber Depot gained 11 cents to end at $2.79 with 95,507 stock units clearing the market. 
Main Event increased 31 cents to close at $9.36 while exchanging 153,217 shares, Paramount Trading slipped 13 cents to $1.87 after an exchange of 15,083 stocks, Stationery and Office Supplies dipped 85 cents in ending at $15.75 in trading 1,200 stock units and Tropical Battery gained 13 cents to $2.74 after 183,156 units crossed the market.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trading surges on Trinidad Exchange
Trading jumped sharply on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Thursday, with the volume of stocks traded rising 103 percent, with the value surging 325 percent above that on Wednesday, resulting in 20 securities trading compared with 16 on Wednesday, with four stocks rising, ten declining and six remaining unchanged.
Investors traded 1,193,737 shares for $22,855,716 up from 587,943 stock units at $5,371,639 on Wednesday.
An average of 59,687 units were traded at $1,142,786 compared to 36,746 shares at $335,727 on Wednesday, with trading month to date averaging 31,475 shares at $383,138 versus 29,607 units at $332,830 on the previous day. The average trade for September amounts to 45,817 shares at $463,533.
The Composite Index shed 6.62 points to 1,316.89, the All T&T Index shed 8.38 points to end at 1,966.37 and the Cross-Listed Index fell 0.66 points to close at 87.06.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows four stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and one with a lower offer.
At the close, Agostini’s climbed 99 cents in closing at $43 while exchanging 82 shares, Angostura Holdings shed 81 cents to close at $24.14 after trading 739,170 stocks, Ansa McAl remained at $53.80 after a transfer of 4 units. Calypso Macro Investment Fund ended at $22 as 1,313 stock units passed through the market, Clico Investment Fund declined 5 cents to $29.95 in an exchange of 49,647 stock units, First Citizens Group remained at $50.05 with investors transferring 4,008 stocks. FirstCaribbean International Bank ended at $5, with 2,756 shares clearing the market, GraceKennedy lost 20 cents to close at $5 with an exchange of 12,084 units, Guardian Holdings remained at $25.06 after 6,004 units crossed the exchange. 
Guardian Media dipped 4 cents to $3 as investors exchanged 2,500 shares, JMMB Group dropped 10 cents to end at $2 with the swapping of 48 stocks, Massy Holdings ended at $4.51, with 203,274 stock units changing hands. National Enterprises fell 11 cents to close at $3.15 with a transfer of 104,845 stock units, National Flour Mills declined 6 cents to $1.59 after 9,800 stocks crossed the market, Prestige Holdings dipped 15 cents to $6.50 in exchanging 564 shares. Republic Financial rallied 2 cents to $135.02 in trading 1,430 units, Scotiabank lost 4 cents to $77.85 in exchanging 6,686 shares, Trinidad & Tobago NGL advanced 35 cents in closing at $22.10 after 24,513 stock units passed through the exchange. Unilever Caribbean popped 2 cents to close at $12.82 after dealings in 393 stocks and West Indian Tobacco shed 45 cents after ending at a 52 weeks’ low of $21.55 in switching ownership of 24,616 units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Cari-Med heading for Jamaica Stock Exchange
Word on the street is that the Cari-Med Group is preparing for listing on the Jamaica Stock Exchange, with all probability that this will take place by early 2023 ICInsider.com has been reliably informed.
The company was launched in 1986 as Cari-Med Limited, a small pharmaceutical distribution company, by Glen and Marva Christian.
“The Group has an excellent reputation in the market and is the dominant pharmaceutical company in the country”, one source informed ICInsdier.com.
The Group represents and distributes Lysol, Harpic, Gillette, Duracell, Wrigley, Scotch Brite, Ensure and Purina, to name some of the products they manage.
In 2020 a restructuring of the companies within the Group resulted in Cari-Med being renamed Cari-Med Group, the parent company of the Group.
Marketing activities are organized under three divisions, Consumer and pharmaceuticals, with the third being medical supplies, Hospital, Medical Equipment and Disposables, staffed by sales and marketing personnel teams.
The Group serves markets across the Caribbean region with exports of its home brands such as Lullabye baby products, BemStar Adult Diapers, and the KenClean line of laundry products.
The Group invested more than $6 billion in the development of a distribution centre in St. Catherine to house a 258,000-square-foot facility on land along Salt Pond Road in Bernard Lodge to house the warehouses and administrative offices of the Consumer Goods Division.
CariMed and NCB Capital Markets staff at the signing of an agreement appointing the brokerage house as financial advisers.
Cari-Med employs over 900 employees has been with the company website indicates. Dun & Bradstreet put revenues for the Group at Cari-Med at US$37 million and Kirk Distributors at US$38 million and the Cari-Med building in New Kingston is said to generate rental income of US$20. But one source is of the view that the revenues in the distribution may be closer to J$15 billion, which could deliver a profit of around $600 to $700 million, but the financial cost to build out the warehouse may result in net profit being trimmed below this level.
NCB Capital Markets is the broker for the issue.
More stocks rose than fell on JSE Main Market
Rising stocks dominated trading over those declining at the close of market activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange Main Market on Wednesday, following the trading of 53 securities similar to Tuesday, with 20 rising, 16 declining and 17 ending unchanged and leading to the volume of stocks traded rising 189 percent with a 16 percent increase in value over Tuesday.
Investors traded 18,798,375 shares for $73,598,833, up from 6,498,000 units at $63,227,582 on Tuesday.
Trading averaged 354,686 units at $1,388,657, versus 122,604 shares at $1,192,973 on Tuesday and month to date, an average of 164,430 units at $1,431,754 versus 153,373 units at $1,434,259 on the previous day. September closed with a much higher average of 533,719 units at $5,494,282.
Wigton Windfarm led trading with 12.52 million shares for 66.6 percent of total volume followed by Transjamaican Highway with 1.21 million units for 6.4 percent of the day’s trade and JMMB Group 7.5% closed with 788,231 units for 4.2 percent market share.
The All Jamaican Composite Index climbed 1,114.65 points to 402,126.05, but the JSE Main Index slipped 386.11 points to 351,278.97 and the JSE Financial Index rallied 0.15 points to settle at 84.69.
The PE Ratio, a formula to ascertain appropriate stock values, averages 13.6 for the Main Market. The JSE Main and USD Market PE ratios incorporate earnings forecasted by ICInsider.com for companies with the financial year ending between November and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows eight stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and five with lower offers.
At the close, Barita Investments declined 80 cents to $101.16 after an exchange of 3,272 shares, Caribbean Cement dipped 85 cents to $57.90 after a transfer of 4,574 units, Caribbean Producers rose 42 cents to end at $13.60 with investors transferring 40,723 stocks. First Rock Real Estate rallied 49 cents to close at $14.49 after trading 3,375 stock units, JMMB Group fell $1 in closing at $37.50, with 163,830 stock units crossing the market, Kingston Wharves advanced $1.05 to $36.25, with a change in ownership of 34,654 shares. Massy Holdings dropped $4.85 to close at $80.15, with 878 units crossing the exchange, Mayberry Investments fell 59 cents to $7.86 in trading 28,550 stocks, NCB Financial popped 80 cents in closing at $86 after an exchange of 217,528 stock units. PanJam Investment gained $1.88 to end at $56.88 in exchanging 1,554 stocks, Proven Investments shed $1.49 to close at a 52 weeks’ low of $28.51 as investors exchanged 25,450 shares, 
Sagicor Group increased 99 cents to end at $50.99 in an exchange of 1,933 units and Sygnus Real Estate Finance climbed $1.31 to $10.31 with the swapping of 2,941 units.
In the preference segment, 138 Student Living preference share shed $13.96 in closing at $46.04 in exchanging 100 stocks.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Junior Market bounced on Wednesday
The Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange enjoyed a big bounce on Wednesday, following a modest rise in the volume and value of stocks traded over Tuesday with 43 securities trading the same number on Tuesday and ended with the prices of 20 rising, 17 declining and six closing unchanged.
A total of 13,259,001 shares were traded for $36,695,111 up from 11,656,909 units at $35,649,120 on Tuesday.
Trading averaged 308,349 shares at 853,375 compared to 271,091 shares at $829,049 on Tuesday with month to date, averaging 254,581 units at $793,054 compared to 251,181 stock units at $789,240 previously. September closed with an average of 470,099 units at $1,578,447.
JFP Ltd led trading with 2.64 million shares for 19.9 percent of total volume followed by Dolla Financial with 2.28 million units for 17.2 percent of the day’s trade, Jamaican Teas with 2.02 million units for 15.2 percent market share, ONE on ONE Educational with 1.74 million units for 13.1 percent market share and Mailpac Group ended with 1.59 million units for 12 percent of stocks traded.
At the close, the Junior Market Index increased 46.29 points to settle at 4,132.18.
The PE Ratio, a measure of computing appropriate stock values, averages 13. The PE ratios of Junior Market stocks incorporate ICInsider.com projected earnings for companies with financial year end that falls between November this year and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows three stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and one with a lower offer.
At the close, Access Financial popped $2.94 to $24.49 in switching ownership of 10 shares, Blue Power declined 28 cents to close at $3.12, with 9,278 units crossing the market, Cargo Handlers rose $1.28 to end at $13.58 while exchanging ten stocks. Dolla Financial dipped 15 cents in closing at $3.20 as investors exchanged 2,284,205 stock units, EduFocal rallied 18 cents to $2.79 in an exchange of 601,368 stocks, Future Energy Source increased 10 cents to close at $5.15 with a transfer of 232,813 units. Honey Bun advanced 26 cents in closing at $7.31 after trading 13,661 stock units, Indies Pharma dipped 11 cents to $2.87 with investors transferring 30,246 shares, Jamaican Teas climbed 12 cents to end at $2.93 after trading 2,017,419 shares. Knutsford Express gained $1.15 to end at $9.30 with an exchange of 1,552 stocks, Lasco Manufacturing climbed 20 cents to $4.28 after 9,801 stock units changed hands, Lumber Depot lost 20 cents in closing at $2.68, with 51,429 units crossing the exchange. Main Event rose 55 cents to $9.05 after an exchange of 78,518 shares, Medical Disposables increased 80 cents to close at $6, with 100,000 stocks clearing the market, 
ONE on ONE Educational popped 14 cents to $1.64, with 1,735,161 stock units changing hands. Paramount Trading rallied 15 cents to $2 in an exchange of 18,180 units and Stationery and Office Supplies gained 60 cents to end at $16.60 after exchanging 49,249 stocks.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trading dipped on the JSE USD Market
Trading activity dipped on the Jamaica Stock Exchange US dollar market on Wednesday, with the volume of stocks exchanged declining 35 percent, valued 178 percent more than on Tuesday, and resulting in the trading of seven securities, down from 10 on Tuesday, with prices of two rising, four declining and one ending unchanged.
Investors exchanged a total of 38,341 shares for US$7,793, down from 58,570 units at US$2,806 on Tuesday.
Trading averaged 5,477 units at US$1,113 versus 5,857 shares at US$281 on Tuesday, with the month to date averaging 35,209 shares at US$2,299 versus 36,695 units at US$2,358 on the previous day. September ended with an average of 87,926 units for US$4,746.
The JSE US Denominated Equities Index lost 0.31 points to end at 208.84.
The PE Ratio, a measure used in computing appropriate stock values, averages 8.5. The PE ratio uses ICInsider.com earnings forecasts for companies with financial years ending between November and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows two stocks ended with bids higher than the last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, Proven Investments dipped 0.3 of a cent to 19 US cents after trading 25,134 shares, Sygnus Credit Investments J$ share remained at 15.63 US cents, with an exchange of 402 stock units,
Sygnus Credit Investments USD share shed 0.88 of one cent to close at 9.11 US cents with the swapping of 11,759 stocks and Transjamaican Highway popped 0.05 of a cent in ending at 0.9 of one US cent, with eight units crossing the market.
In the preference segment, Equityline Mortgage Investment preference share fell 5 cents to end at US$1.70 with a transfer of 57 stocks, JMMB Group 5.75% declined 9 cents to close at US$1.75 while exchanging 914 shares and JMMB Group 6% climbed 11 cents in ending at US$1.09 after exchanging 67 units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
