Trading picked up on Wednesday on the Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange, with a 66 percent jump in the volume of stocks traded with the value climbing 52 percent over that on Tuesday with investors trading in 44 securities similar to Tuesday and ended with prices of 18 rising, 14 declining and 12 closing unchanged.
Investors traded 7,960,577 shares for $17,940,729, up from 4,787,609 units at $11,820,076 on Tuesday.
Trading averaged 180,922 shares at $407,744 compared with 108,809 shares at $268,638 on Tuesday with the month to date, averaging 267,964 units at $2,829,487 compared with 273,803 stock units at $2,991,921 on the previous day, which is well up on March, with an average of 509,288 units at $1,071,868.
Jamaican Teas led trading with 1.95 million shares for 24.5 percent of total volume followed by Lumber Depot, with 1.51 million units for 18.9 percent of the day’s trade and Image Plus Consultants with 879,036 units for 11 percent market share.
At the close, the Junior Market Index fell 7.59 points to 3,692.92.
The PE Ratio, a measure of computing appropriate stock values, averages 11.6. The PE ratios of Junior Market stocks are computed using the last traded stock price in conjunction with ICInsider.com’s projected earnings for the financial years ending between November 2023 and August 2024.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows three stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, Blue Power dipped 40 cents to close at $2.03 with investors transferring 11,729 shares, Cargo Handler lost 20 cents after ending at $13.50 and investors trading 1,000 stock units, Dolphin Cove popped 32 cents in closing at $15.32 after exchanging 184 stocks. 
Elite Diagnostic gained 20 cents to close at $2.60, with 9,873 units changing hands, Everything Fresh shed 6 cents to end at $1.45 after investors exchanged 11,885 units, Express Catering dropped 8 cents to $5.42 with a transfer of 98,289 stocks. General Accident rose 50 cents in closing at $5.50 after an exchange of 53,052 shares, Honey Bun declined 16 cents to end at $6.32 with 1,439 stock units changing hands, Image Plus Consultants fell 11 cents after ending at $1.89, with 879,036 units crossing the market. ISP Finance popped $1.99 to close at $21.50 while exchanging just 10 shares, Jamaican Teas climbed 15 cents to $2.25 in trading 1,952,779 stock units, Knutsford Express declined 54 cents in closing at $10.55, with 12,002 stocks crossing the market. Lasco Distributors increased 11 cents to end at $2.42 with the swapping of 155,467 units, Lasco Manufacturing advanced 39 cents to $4.05 in an exchange of 31,717 stock units, 
Main Event lost 51 cents to close at $13.49 as investors exchanged 7,268 stocks. Medical Disposables gained 14 cents to end at $5.14, with 1,212 shares crossing the exchange and Regency Petroleum rose 6 cents in closing at $2.45 after a transfer of 144,832 stock units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trading jumps on Jamaica Stock Exchange
The Jamaica Stock Exchange Main Market and the USD Market recorded gains at the end of trading on Wednesday with a rise in the volume and value of stock trading compared to Tuesday, but the Junior market which remained steady throughout the day slipped moderately at the close.
The JSE Combined Market Index rose 1,579.85 points to 346,227.67, the All Jamaican Composite Index climbed 1,936.55 points to 376,387.83, the JSE Main Index rallied 1,767.62 points to finish at 334,833.76, while the Junior Market Index fell 7.59 points to 3,692.92 and the JSE USD Market Index popped 0.11 points to finish at 237.58.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market that are not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Eppley 7.25% climbing $3.50 to $20, JPS 7% jumped $16.24 to $79.49, PBS 9.75% lost $3 to end at $104 and PBS10.5% dropped $20.65 to close at $1,200.
At the close, investors exchanged 34,160,286 shares in all three markets, up from 32,651,744 units on Tuesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $335.12 million up from $105.6 million on Tuesday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 114,200 shares for US$7,525, down from 301,912 units at US$33,588 on Tuesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 18.9 on 2022-23 earnings and 12.4 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE Ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
JSE USD Market drops
Trading on the Jamaica Stock Exchange US dollar market ended on Tuesday, with a 74 percent jump in the volume of stocks changing hands, valued 198 percent more than on Monday, and resulting in six securities being traded, up from three on Monday with none rising, four declining and two ending unchanged.
Overall, 301,912 shares were traded for US$33,588 compared with 173,563 units at US$11,282 on Monday.
Trading averaged 50,319 units at US$5,598 compared to 57,854 shares at US$3,761 on Monday, with a month to date average of 240,933 shares at US$8,864 compared with 255,786 units at US$9,118 on the previous day. March ended with an average of 172,829 units for US$12,793.
The US Denominated Equities Index lost 2.65 points to end at 237.28.
The PE Ratio, a measure used in computing appropriate stock values, averages 9.9. The PE ratio is computed based on the last traded price of each stock divided by projected earnings forecasts done by ICInsider.com for companies with their financial year ending between November 2022 and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows three stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, First Rock Real Estate USD share fell 0.46 of a cent to close at 5.94 US cents after investors traded 13,000 shares, Margaritaville dropped 1.47 cents to land at 10 US cents while exchanging 42,183 stocks, Proven Investments dipped 0.11 of a cent in closing at 17.49 US cents after a transfer of 101,600 units, Sygnus Credit Investments shed 0.41 of a cent in ending at 9.03 US cents with the swapping of 100,021 stock units and Transjamaican Highway remained at 1.14 US cents in switching ownership of 44,108 stock units.
In the preference segment, JMMB Group 6% ended at US$1.08 with investors transferring 1,000 shares.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trading jumps on JSE Main Market
The Jamaica Stock Exchange Main Market ended lower on Tuesday, with the volume of stocks traded rising 32 percent and the value 44 percent more than on Monday, following trading in 61 securities similar to Monday, with 25 rising, 19 declining and 17 ending unchanged.
A total of 27,564,223 shares were traded for $93,817,986 compared to 20,926,744 units at $64,972,967 on Monday.
Trading averaged 451,873 shares at $1,538,000 compared with 343,061 shares at $1,065,131 on Monday and month to date, an average of 258,214 units at $1,187,369, compared with 243,392 units at $1,160,533 on the previous day. March closed with an average of 356,137 units at $3,015,416.
Transjamaican Highway led trading with 10.12 million shares for 36.7 percent of total volume with the price rising 2 cents to $1.78, followed by Stanley Motta with 9.49 million units for 34.4 percent of the day’s trade, Wigton Windfarm with 4.94 million units for 17.9 percent market share after the price climbed 4 cents to 80m cents and QWI Investments with 1.67 million units for 6.1 percent of total volume.
The All Jamaican Composite Index fell 1,353.85 to 374,451.28, the JSE Main Index slipped 1,349.09 points to 333,066.14 and the JSE Financial Index fell 0.37 points to 76.43.
The PE Ratio, a formula used to compute appropriate stock values, averages 13.5 for the Main Market. The JSE Main and USD Market PE ratios are computed based on the last selling prices of stocks and earnings forecasted by ICInsider.com for companies with the financial year ending between November 2022 and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows nine stocks ending with bids higher than their last selling prices and eight with lower offers.
At the close, Carreras rose 36 cents to $8.86 with the swapping of 63,108 shares, First Rock Real Estate climbed 50 cents after ending at $11.75 in switching ownership of 8,001 shares, Guardian Holdings popped $5 to end at $490 after an exchange of just one stock unit. Jamaica Broilers fell 35 cents in closing at $35.60 changing hands 28,755 stock units, Jamaica 
Producers fell 97 cents to $20.73 after a transfer of 5,505 units. Key Insurance shed 58 cents in closing at $3.07, with 11,880 stock units changing hands, Kingston Properties rallied 48 cents to $7.10 as investors exchanged 246 stocks, Margaritaville dipped 38 cents to $18.01 while trading 147 units, Massy Holdings dropped $1.50 after ending at $85.50, with 4,330 stock units changing hands. NCB Financial jumped $1.99 to $74.99 trading 40,853 units, Pan Jamaica Group declined $4.79 to close at $52 and closed, with an exchange of 8,100 shares, Proven Investments lost 50 cents in closing at $25.50 in trading 57,800 stock units. Sagicor Group dipped 50 cents to end at $50 in an exchange of 12,050 units and Seprod dipped $2.79 after ending at $69.71 with a transfer of 3,039 shares.
In the preference segment, Eppley 7.25% preference share advanced $3.50 to end at $20 crossing the market 5 stocks, 
Jamaica Public Service 7% rose $13.25 to close at $63.25 with the swapping of 700 shares and 138 Student Living preference share gained $14.65 in closing at $88.65 with an exchange of 2 units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Junior Market drops
Trading closed on the Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange Tuesday, with the volume of stocks traded slipping 42 percent and the value 42 percent lower than on Monday with 44 securities trading, down from with 47 on Monday and ended with prices of 12 rising, 13 declining and 19 closing unchanged.
Investors traded 4,787,609 shares for $11,820,076 versus 8,185,073 units at $20,337,892 on Monday.
Trading averaged 108,809 shares at $268,638, down from 174,150 shares at $432,721 on Monday with a month to date, average of273,803 units at $2,991,921 compared with 285,665 stock units at $3,187,712 on the previous day and much higher than March with an average of 509,288 units at $1,071,868.
Lumber Depot led trading with 2.52 million shares for 52.6 percent of total volume, Spur Tree Spices followed with 408,695 units for 8.5 percent of the day’s trade and JFP Ltd with 326,393 units for 6.8 percent market share.
At the close, the Junior Market Index dropped 34.25 points close at 3,700.51.
The PE Ratio, a measure of computing appropriate stock values, averages 11.5. The PE ratios of Junior Market stocks are computed using the last price in conjunction with ICInsider.com’s projected earnings for the financial years ending between November 2023 and August 2024.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows one stock ended with a bid higher than the last selling price and six with lower offers.
At the close, Cargo Handlers dropped 25 cents to close at $13.70 after a transfer of 1,011 shares, Derrimon Trading advanced 5 cents in closing at $2.10 in an exchange of 32,930 stocks, Dolphin Cove popped 5 cents to $15 in switching ownership of 7,877 units. Elite Diagnostic lost 10 cents to end at $2.40 with the swapping of 134,561 stock units, Future Energy Source climbed 13 cents after ending at $4.13 and trading 78,546 stocks, General Accident declined 80 cents after ending at $5, with 17,081 stocks crossing the exchange. JFP Ltd rose 6 cents to end at $1.79 in an exchange of 326,393 shares, Knutsford Express fell 30 cents to $11.09 after 5,184 units changed hands, Lasco Distributors shed 9 cents to close at $2.31, with 15,650 stocks clearing the market. Lasco Manufacturing dipped 45 cents in closing at $3.66 with an exchange of 41,304 stock units, Main Event gained 50 cents to close at $14 after exchanging 7,603 shares. 
MFS Capital Partners dipped 7 cents to end at $3.08 while exchanging 258,159 units and Tropical Battery increased 5 cents in closing at $1.94, with and exchange of 84,307 units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Decline for all JSE markets
All three market indices declined on the Jamaica Stock Exchange recorded on Tuesday with a rise in the volume and value of stock trading compared to Monday.
The JSE Combined Market Index shed 1,572.34 points to 346,220.16, the All Jamaican Composite Index fell 1,353.85 to 374,451.28, the JSE Main Index closed at 333,066.14 after slipping 1,349.09 points, while the Junior Market Index dropped 34.25 points to end at 3,700.51 and the JSE USD Market Index dipped 2.65 points to finish at 237.47.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market that are not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Eppley 7.25 percent climbing $3.50 to $20, JPS7 percent jumped $13.25 to $63.25 and 138SLVR rallied $14.65 to close at $88.65
At the close, investors exchanged 32,651,744 shares in all three markets, up from 29,285,359 units on Monday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $105.6 million up from $85.3 million on Monday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 301,912 shares for US$33,588, up sharply from 173,563 units at US$11,282 on Monday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 18.9 on 2022-23 earnings and 12.4 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE Ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to highest bid and lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Slippage for JSE USD Market
Trading on the Jamaica Stock Exchange US dollar market ended Monday, with the volume of stocks changing hands declining 86 percent and the value 95 percent lower than on Friday, resulting in trading of just three securities, compared to five on Friday with one rising, one declining and one ending unchanged.
Overall, 173,563 shares were traded for US$11,282 compared with 1,282,434 units at US$220,084 on Friday.
Trading averaged 57,854 shares at US$3,761 down from 256,487 shares at US$44,017 on Friday, with a month to date average of 255,786 shares at US$9,118 compared to 263,810 units at US$9,335 on the previous trading day. March ended with an average of 172,829 units for US$12,793.
The US Denominated Equities Index shed 3.17 points to close at 240.12.
The PE Ratio, a measure used in computing appropriate stock values, averages 10.1. The PE ratio is computed based on the last traded price of each stock divided by projected earnings forecasts done by ICInsider.com for companies with their financial year ending between November 2022 and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows three stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and one with a lower offer.
At the close, Productive Business Solutions ended at US$1.8999, with 77 shares crossing the market, Proven Investments increased 1.4 cents to end at 17.6 US cents with an exchange of 58,056 units and Transjamaican Highway fell 0.15 of a cent in closing at 1.14 US cents, with 115,430 stocks clearing the market.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Main Market racks up gains to start week
Trading activity resulted in a rise in the Jamaica Stock Exchange Main Market on Monday, with rising stocks outnumbering those declining by a wide margin as the volume of stocks traded rose 121 percent but with a 45 percent lower value than on Friday, following trading in 61 securities compared to 54 on Friday, with 27 rising, 18 declining and 16 ending unchanged.
A total of 20,926,744 shares were traded for $64,972,967 compared to 9,481,950 units at $117,605,489 on Friday.
Trading averaged 343,061 shares at $1,065,131, compared with 175,592 stocks at $2,177,879 on Friday and month to date, an average of 243,392 units at $1,160,533, versus 235,131 units at $1,168,440 on the previous trading day. March closed with an average of 356,137 units at $3,015,416.
Transjamaican Highway led trading with 14.60 million shares for 69.8 percent of total volume followed by Wigton Windfarm with 3.75 million units for 17.9 percent of the day’s trade and Sagicor Select Financial Fund with 534,101 units for 2.6 percent market share.
The All Jamaican Composite Index rose 1,710.31 points to close at 375,805.13, the JSE Main Index gained 2,554.58 points to end at 334,415.23 and the JSE Financial Index popped 0.22 points and concluded trading at 76.80.
The PE Ratio, a formula used to compute appropriate stock values, averages 13.5 for the Main Market. The JSE Main and USD Market PE ratios are computed based on the last traded price of stocks and earnings forecasts done by ICInsider.com for companies with the financial year ending between November 2022 and August 2023.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows eight stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and five with lower offers.
At the close, Barita Investments increased $1.40 to close at $78.90, with 128,106 shares crossing the market, Eppley Caribbean Property Fund dropped $3 to $41 in trading 1,762 units, GraceKennedy rallied 50 cents to end at $79.50 in switching ownership of 3,671 stock units, Guardian Holdings climbed $9 after ending at $485 following a transfer of 102 stocks, Jamaica Producers rose 90 cents in closing at $21.70 after an exchange of 6,520 units, Jamaica Stock Exchange fell 93 cents to $13.20 in trading 7,913 shares, Massy Holdings popped $1.75 in closing at $87 after an exchange of 234 stocks,
MPC Caribbean Clean Energy lost $1.26 to close at $84.99, with 13 stock units clearing the market, Proven Investments shed 50 cents to end at $26 and closed with 4,006 units changing hands, Sagicor Group gained 50 cents after ending at $50.50 with a transfer of 83,160 stock units, Seprod jumped $3.50 in closing at $72.50 after investors traded 59,198 stocks and Sygnus Real Estate Finance gained $1 after ending at $11 as investors exchanged 26 shares.
In the preference segment, Productive Business 10.50% preference share popped $20 to $1220 with investors transferring 55 stocks, Jamaica Public Service 7% increased $11 to end at $50, with 541 units changing hands and 
Jamaica Public Service 9.5% rallied $150 to close at $3000 with an exchange of just two shares.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Junior Market drops to commence week
The Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange Monday, pulled back at the start of the week as declining stocks clobbered those rising even as the volume of stocks traded jumped 123 percent and the value surged 117 percent more than on Friday following trading in 47 securities up from 40 on Friday and ended with 13 rising, 27 declining and seven closing unchanged.
Investors traded 8,185,073 shares for $20,337,892 up from 3,670,324 units at $9,384,503 on Friday.
Trading averaged 174,150 shares at $432,721, up from 91,758 shares at $234,613 on Friday, with a month to date average of 285,665 units at $3,187,712 compared with 294,941 stock units at $3,416,889 on the previous trading day. March closed with an average of 509,288 units at $1,071,868.
Dolla Financial led trading with 1.91 million shares for 23.3 percent of total volume, Derrimon Trading followed with 1.80 million units for 22 percent of the day’s trade and Image Plus Consultants with 707,184 units for 8.6 percent market share.
The Junior Market Index lost 39.60 points at the close and concluded trading at 3,734.76.
The PE Ratio, a measure of computing appropriate stock values, averages 11.5. 
The PE ratios of Junior Market stocks are computed using the last traded price in conjunction with ICInsider.com’s projected earnings for the financial years ending between November 2023 and August 2024.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows three stocks ending with bids higher than their last selling prices and three with lower offers.
At the close, AMG Packaging rallied 20 cents after to end at $3, with 10,212 shares crossing the market, CAC 2000 popped 33 cents in closing at $8.10 with a transfer of 391 stocks, Caribbean Cream advanced 19 cents to end at $3.49 after trading 1,101 units. EduFocal lost 9 cents to end at $2.10 in trading 19,133 stock units, Elite Diagnostic rose 10 cents to close at $2.50 while exchanging 1,874 shares, Future Energy Source fell 10 cents in closing at $4, with 651,264 stocks crossing the exchange. 
General Accident shed 18 cents in ending at $5.80 after investors swapped 1,252 units, Honey Bun dipped 9 cents to close at $6.48, with 15,978 stock units clearing the market, iCreate dropped 14 cents to $1.45 in an exchange of 172,094 shares. ISP Finance dropped $1.49 to $19.51 as investors traded 83 stock units, Jetcon Corporation fell 24 cents to close at $1.06, with 2,925 units crossing the market, Knutsford Express lost 30 cents in closing at $11.39 after an exchange of 1,470 stocks. Limners and Bards gained 10 cents to $2.32 as 151 stock units passed through the market, Main Event dropped $1.20 after ending at $13.50 with an exchange of 19,614 stocks,
Spur Tree Spices shed 9 cents to end at $2.80 after exchanging 258,268 units and Stationery and Office Supplies dropped 89 cents in closing at $14.11 and closed, with an exchange of 10,980 shares.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
JSE Main Market start the week higher
The Main Markets of the Jamaica Stock Exchange recorded gains to start off the week on Monday but the Junior and JSE USD markets closed lower than on Friday, with a rise in the volume of stock trading but with a lower value compared to Friday.
The JSE Combined Market Index rallied 2,021.22 points to 346.220.16, the All Jamaican Composite Index jumped 1,710.31 points to close at 375,805.13, the JSE Main Index gained 2,554.58 points to end at 334,415.23, while the Junior Market Index dropped 39.60 points to 3,734.76 20.92 and the JSE USD Market Index dipped 3.17 points to finish at 240.12.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market that are not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with JPS 9.5 percent recovering the $150 it lost on Friday to close at $3,000 while the JPS 7 percent rose $11 to $50 and PBS 10.5 percent rallied $20 to close at $1,220.
At the close, investors exchanged 29,285,359 shares in all three markets, up from 14,514,651 units on Friday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $85.3 million down from $135 million on Friday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 173,563 shares for US$11,282, up sharply from 1,282,434 units at US$220.084 on Friday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 18.8 on 2022-23 earnings and 12.4 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE Ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends that are payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
