JSE up but looks weak at close

August 18, 2015 by

Jamaica Stock Exchange Traded at a new high of $9 on Tuesday.

Jamaica Stock Exchange Traded at a new high of $9 on Tuesday.

The Jamaica Stock Exchange on Tuesday closed with main market indices recording strong gains but with high levels of stocks rising and falling. The market closed with a high participation rate of 39 securities changing hands accounting for 2,172,400 units trading, valued at $19,484,355 with 15 stocks rising, 14 declining with 3 stocks closing at 52 weeks high, in all market segments.
At the close, the JSE Market Index jumped 687.52 points to 101,415.34, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 768.46 points to close at 112,294.07 and the JSE combined index gained 530.40 points to end at 104,839.62.
JSE sum- 18-08-15r IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator had a reading that was very negative with only of 3 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 9 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Cable and Wireless with 154,750 shares changing hands with a loss of 1 cent to end at 43 cents, Caribbean Cement had 50,227 units changing hands with a gain of 50 cents at $8, Carreras traded at $50 with 8,706 shares changing hands, Gleaner closed with 63,082 shares and fell 56 cents at $2.17. Grace Kennedy traded at $64 down $1 with 79,842 shares, Hardware & Lumber ended up at $17, after adding $1 with just 500 units changing hands. Jamaica Broilers traded at $6.05 with 8,300 shares changing ownership and lost 94 cents, Jamaica Producers traded at $18.40 with 4,198 shares changing ownership with a loss of 60 cents. JMMB Group traded 20,084 shares at $7.73 to lose 26 cents, with the company reporting strong increase in profit for the first quarter, Jamaica Stock Exchange traded 70 cents up at a new high of $9 with only 9,990 shares changing hands. Mayberry Investments had 50,000 shares trading at $3.40, National Commercial Bank traded 62,888 shares at $30, JSE fn Qts-18-08-15Palace Amusement gained $5 in trading 566 shares to end at $65, encouraged by the company reporting earnings of $26.56 per share for the year ended June. Pan Jamaican Investment closed at $62 after trading 27,303 shares to gain $1. Sagicor Real Estate Fund lost 30 cents to close at $7.80 while trading 140,000 units, Salada Foods ended with 2,750 units trading at $8.50 with a loss of $1.90. Scotia Group traded 25,980 units to close at $24.50, up 50 cents, Supreme Ventures ended at $4.50, with 20,000 units to be up 50 cents but the bid at the end of the day was at $4 to sell 300,000 units and Proven Investments ordinary share traded 137,105 units at 19 US cents, up from 18.5 US cents.

Filed Under: Feature Stories, JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

12 stocks up 15 down as JSE indices jump

August 13, 2015 by

JSE main market pierced resistance at 108,000 points & is heading to the next resistance level at 115,000 points.

JSE main market pierced resistance at 108,000 points & is heading to the next resistance level at 115,000 points.

The Jamaica stock market closed with 12 stocks rising, 15 declining as 36 securities changed hands with 5,017,857 units trading, valued at $33,419,303 and 3 stocks closed at new 52 weeks’ high one closed at 52 weeks’ low and one traded at an intraday weeks’ 52 high, in all market segments.
At the close, the JSE Market Index gained 676.72 points to 102,186.50, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 756.39 points to close at 113,156.01 and the JSE combined index climbed 660.25 points to end at 105,742.36.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator had a reading of 9 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 10 with offers that were lower.
JSE sum- 13-08-15rIn trading, Cable and Wireless ended with 990,000 units changing hands at 40 cents, Caribbean Cement stock fell $1.35 to close at $7.15 but traded as high as $8.60 with 669,805 units traded, Carreras traded 3,200 units to close 50 cents off at $51.50, Desnoes & Geddes had 43,637 shares changing hands at $6.80, up 29 cents. Gleaner closed with 377,400 shares traded at new closing 52 weeks’ high of $2.72 for a gain of 21 cents. Grace Kennedy traded 138,893 shares to end at $64.01, Jamaica Producers gained 20 cents to end at $19 with 3,160 units trading. JP yesterday reported earnings for the second quarter attributable to shareholders of $414 million but the bulk of that it, $319 million came from gain on sale of fixed assets and investments. The year-to-date to June net profit attributable to JP shareholders was $589 million compared to $138 million in 2014 of which $429 million came from gains on disposal of fixed assets and investments. JMMB Group traded JSE fn Qts-13-08-1530,000 units and fell 10 cents to end at $7.50, Mayberry Investments had 149,575 shares trading at $3.15, National Commercial Bank traded 109,682 shares at $30.10 with a decline of 90 cents. Radio Jamaica traded just 59,325 shares to end at $4, for a 30 cents decline, Proven Investments closed at 19 US cents after gaining 1.50 US cents with 255,000 shares changing hands, Sagicor Group ended trading with 30,528 units at $13.10 to add 5 cents. Sagicor Real Estate Fund closed at $8.30 while trading 27,548 units, Scotia Group lost 45 cents and ended with 61,898 units trading at $26, and Supreme Ventures traded 27,997 shares at $4 after shedding 50 cents and Proven Investments 8% preference ended at a new 52 weeks’ low of $4.96 with 418,000 units changing hands after losing 2 cents.

Filed Under: Feature Stories, JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Bulls rampant with 6 new highs on Monday

August 10, 2015 by

Supply is virtually dried up for NCB

Supply is virtually dried up for NCB

The Jamaica stock market closed with 9 stocks rising, 9 declining as 29 securities changed hands with 5,404,858 units trading, valued at $37,217,088 and 6 stocks closed at new 52 weeks’ high in all market segments.
At the close, the JSE Market Index slipped 397.37 points to 100,596.16, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index fell 444.16 points to close at 111,377.32 and the JSE combined index declined 363.68 points to end at 104,273.27.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator had a reading of 8 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 7 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Cable and Wireless ended with 734,138 units changing hands and lost 1 cent to JSE sum- 10-08-15rend at 39 cents, Carreras traded 9,440 units to close at $52, Desnoes & Geddes had 64,610 shares changing hands at $6.55, down 15 cents. Gleaner traded at $1.89, and gained 37 cents after just 100 shares changed hands, in continued response to the merger of the company’s media operations, with that of Radio Jamaica. At the close, Gleaner closed with the bids above the last traded price at $2.09 with 6,238 shares for a new 52 weeks high. Grace Kennedy lost $1 in trading 10,933 shares to end at $63,

Jamaica Broilers

had 29,700 shares changing hands, in closing at $7 for a rise of 63 cents. Jamaica Producers traded 24,294 shares to end at $20 by gaining $1.15, The Jamaica Stock Exchange stock traded 104,900 units at $6.60, for a loss of 20 cents, Kingston Wharves ended with 699,999 shares changing hands at $7.05, to gain 5 cents. Mayberry Investments had 116,000 shares trading at $3.50 to gain 40 cents, for a new 52 weeks’ high, National Commercial Bank traded 66,421 shares at $30.01 after it traded earlier in the day at $30.50. At the close the JSE fn Qts-10-08-15stock was offered at $32.50 to sell 245 units, the only other offers posted are, at $33 to sell 503 units and at $60 to sell 2,000 shares, the bid was at $30.01 to buy 51,091 units. Radio Jamaica traded just 106,922 shares to end at a 52 weeks’ high of $4 as the price gained 10 cents, Sagicor Group ended trading with 97,240 units at $13.50, to gain 54 cents. Sagicor Real Estate Fund lost 20 cents and closed at $8.30 while trading 48,229 units, Scotia Group ended with 768,044 units trading at $26 but traded as low as $23.66 during the day and Jamaica Money Market Brokers 7.50% preference traded 882,500 units at $2 after shedding 1 cent.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Big jump at JSE on Friday

August 7, 2015 by

Scotia pushes market sharply up on Friday

Scotia Group pushes market sharply up on Friday

The Jamaica stock market closed on Friday with strong movement in the indices to hit the highest levels since March 14, 2008 on the all Jamaica Composite index, for the JSE index it’s the highest since September 19, 2008. The market closed with 9 stocks rising, 9 declining as 29 securities changed hands with 5,441,593 units trading, valued at $44,801,033, in all market segments. 4 stocks closed at new 52 weeks’ high. Scotia Group was the main stock contributing to much of the rise.
At the close, the JSE Market Index jumped 1,849.21 points to 100,992.53, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index climbed 2,066.95 points to close at 111,821.48 and the JSE combined index rose 1,994.84 points to end at 104,636.95.
JSE sum- 07-08-15 IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator had a reading of 7 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 6 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Cable and Wireless ended with only 5,877 units changing hands and lost 4 cents to end at 40 cents, Caribbean Cement traded 47,000 shares to close at $7.10 after gaining 10 cents, Gleaner traded at $1.52, up 22 cents after 28,300 shares changed hands, in response the merger of the company’s media operations with that of Radio Jamaica. At the close, Gleaner closed with ten bids above the last traded price with the highest at $1.72, during the day the bid was as high as $2.22. Grace Kennedy traded 13,372 shares at $64, Hardware & Lumber lost $2.25 to close at $12.75 with just 2,006 shares changing hands, Jamaica Broilers had 11,888 shares changing hands, in closing at $6.37, to record a loss of 63 cents. JSE fn Qts-7-08-15The Jamaica Stock Exchange stock traded 67,824 units at $6.80, for a loss of 20 cents, Mayberry Investments had 292,002 shares trading at $3.10 to gain 10 cents. National Commercial Bank had 35,410 shares trading to close with a 49 cents loss at $30, Radio Jamaica traded just 1,200 to end at a 52 weeks’ high of $3.90 as the price gained 45 cents. Sagicor Group ended trading with 1,017,852 units at $12.96, down 4 cents, Sagicor Real Estate Fund closed at $8.50 while trading 34,000 units, Scotia Group ended with 794,735 units trading as high as $26 but ended at $24, Scotia Investments traded 10,000 shares at $27.08 for an 8 cents rise and Jamaica Money Market Brokers 7.50% preference traded 166,500 units at $2.01..

Filed Under: Feature Stories, JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

JSE pushes higher on Tuesday

August 4, 2015 by

Jamaica Broilers jumped sharply on Tuesday to end at $6.50

Jamaica Broilers jumped sharply on Tuesday to end at $6.50

The Jamaica Stock Market closed on Tuesday with strong movement in the indices, as 13 stocks rise, 6 fell and 28 securities changed hands, with 9,621,142 units trading, valued at $29,054,581, in all market segments, 2 stocks closing at new 52 weeks’ high. Sagicor Real Estate Fund traded as a new intraday high of $9.10 but closed lower. At the close, the JSE Market Index gained 861.33 points to 99,439.71, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 962.74 points to close at 110,085.82 and the JSE combined index added 1,043.92 points to end at 102,840.88.
JSE sum- 04-08-15r IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator showed a reading of 7 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 4 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Cable and Wireless ended with 3,100,287 units changing hands and lost 3 cents to 39 cents, Caribbean Cement traded 10,250 shares to close at $7.10 after shedding 35 cents, Carreras gained $1 with 6,385 units trading to close at $52, Gleaner traded at $1.30, up 5 cents after 20,000 shares changed hands. Grace Kennedy traded only 1,830 shares at $65, Jamaica Broilers had 18,800 shares changing hands, in closing at $6.50, to record a new 52 weeks’ high. The Jamaica Stock Exchange stock traded 200,445 units at $7, Mayberry Investments had another large trade amounting to 3,982,668 shares trading between $2.75 JSE fn Qts-4-08-15and $3. National Commercial Bank had 75,894 shares trading and closed with a 25 cents gain to end at $30, Sagicor Group ended trading with 169,015 units at $13, Sagicor Real Estate Fund closed at $8 while trading 584,560 units and traded as high as $9.10 for a new intraday high. The fund had reported before trading, profit of 8 cents per share in the June quarter, down from 11 cents in the June 2014 quarter and 46 cents per share to June, this year versus 27 cents for the six months to June last year. Scotia Group ended with 6,348 units trading at $23.99, for 1 cent fall and Proven Investments traded 15,625 ordinary shares at 19 US cents.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , ,

NCB may give push to JSE soon

August 3, 2015 by

Supply is drying up for NCB

Supply is drying up for NCB

The Jamaica Stock Market closed on Monday with 12 stocks rising, 7 declining as 26 securities changed hands with 4,213,264 units trading, valued at $26,843,221, in all market segments with 2 stocks closing at new 52 weeks’ high, but lurking in the shadows are activities in National Commercial Bank that could give a big push to the JSE indices. Selling in the stocks has shrunken with a few days of fairly heavy trading in the last week of July. Currently, there are 11 offers with 140,000 units exposed in the market for sale in total, above $30.40.
At the close, the JSE Market Index lost 129.98 points to 98,203.59, JSE sum- 03-08-15rthe JSE All Jamaican Composite index fell 145.29 points to close at 108,705.88 and the JSE combined index added 66.62 points to end at 100,705.88.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator showed a reading of 9 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 6 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Cable and Wireless ended with 42,253 units changing hands and lost a cent to 42 cents, Caribbean Cement traded 44,225 shares to close at $7.10 after shedding 35 cents, Carreras gained 25 cents with 6,715 units trading to close at $51, Gleaner traded at $1.25, down 5 cents after 15,300 shares changed hands. Grace traded 94,211 shares with a JSE fn Qts-3-08-15gain of $1 at $65, Jamaica Broilers had 22,400 shares changing hands, in closing at $5.70, Mayberry Investments had another large trade amounting to 2.900,000 shares trading at $3. National Commercial Bank had just 10,286 shares trading, while losing 25 cents to end at $29.75, Pan Jamaican Investment closed at $61.05 after trading 114,309 shares, to gain 55 cents, Radio Jamaica had 25,830 units changing hands while gaining 2 cents to close at $3.02, Sagicor Group ended trading with 10,325 units at $12.99, Sagicor Real Estate Fund closed at $8 while trading 25,000 units, Scotia Group ended with 13,561 units trading unchanged at $24,for 34 cents rise and Scotia Investments traded 56,092 shares to rise 20 cents to $27.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , ,

Declining stocks on top Monday

June 29, 2015 by

Carreras drops $2.20

Carreras drops $2.20

Activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange ended with 10 stocks rising, 13 declining as 27 securities changed hands and ending in 1,461,974 units trading, valued at $16,575,879 and 2 stocks closed at 52 weeks’ high in all market segments but a third traded at an intraday 52 weeks’ high. The main market closed with 7 stocks advancing to 10 falling.
JSE sum 29-6-15The JSE Market Index declined 236.68 points to 97,430.27 the JSE All Jamaican Composite index fell 264.54 points to close at 107,839.80 but the JSE combined index dropped 234.79 points to end at 100,012.08.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator was showing a poor reading of 5 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 5 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Cable & Wireless had 128,943 units changing hands at 45 cents at the close, after shedding 2 cents. Caribbean Cement had 68,775 units trading at $5.50, Carreras lost $2.20 while trading 20,000 shares to close at $48.30, Desnoes and Geddes traded at $7.56 with 35,000 shares, JSE fn qts 29-6-15Gleaner ended with 5,600 shares changing hands to gain 10 cents, for a 52 weeks’ high of $1.29. Grace Kennedy ended with 21,158 units at $63.50 by dropping 50 cents, Jamaica Broilers gained 50 cents in trading 7,605 units to end at $6, JMMB Group added 10 cents in trading 400,538 shares and ended at $7.50. Mayberry had 36,805 shares trading, to end at a $2.52, National Commercial Bank fell 47 cents while trading 99,459 shares, to close at $29.03, Sagicor Group fell 15 cents with 485,685 units trading, to end at $12.55, but only after it traded during the day at a 52 weeks’ high of $13.10, Sagicor Real Estate Fund saw trading in 6,053 units but lost 40 cents in closing at $7.30, Scotia Group had 11,027 units trading 4 cents up at $23.25.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , ,

Scotia Group tops trading on Thursday

June 25, 2015 by

Scotia Group accounted for 79% of shares traded in main market

Scotia Group accounted for 79% of shares traded in main market

Activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange ended with 8 stocks rising, 13 declining as 29 securities changed hands and ending in 2,085,568 units trading, valued at $38,307,831, in all market segments. The main market had more stocks declining than advancing at the close with 10 falling to 5 advancing. Trading volumes were mostly low with Scotia Group accounting for 1.4 million units or 79 percent of the 1.79 million shares trading in the main market.
The JSE Market Index lost 264.93 points to 97,050.42, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index declining by 296.12 points to close at 107,415.22 but the JSE combined index declined 377.15 points to end at 99,605.19.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading,JSE sum 25-6-15 in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator was showing a better reading than Wednesday’s close of 9 to 8, with Thursday’s reading of 12 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 5 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Caribbean Cement closed with 48,780 shares changing hands at $5.45 after slipping 5 cents, Carreras put on 2 cents while trading 26,534 shares at $48.37, Gleaner ended with 30,000 shares changing hands but lost 1 cent to close at $1.07, Grace Kennedy gained 45 cents with only 2,040 units changing hands at $63.95. Hardware and Lumber fell 50 cents to $17.50 with 1,500 shares changing hands, Jamaica Broilers lost 50 cents in trading 1,497 units to end at $5.50, JSE fn qts 25-6-15Jamaica Stock Exchange dropped 46 cents in trading 5,400 shares and ended at $6.35. At the close Stocks and Securities offered 982,465 units for sale at $6.80, Kingston Properties climbed $1 to $8 with 2,705 shares, National Commercial Bank rose 10 cents in trading 25,224 shares to close at $29.10, Sagicor Group fell 24 cents with 28,533 units trading to end at $12.61, Scotia Group had 1,419,099 units trading at $23.50, Scotia Investments fell by $2.35 to $27.50 with only 4,217 units. Jamaica Money Market Brokers 8.75% preference share traded 56,983 units at a loss of 1 cent at $2.98 and Proven Investments 8% preference share ended with 42,500 units trading unchanged at $5.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

12 up 12 down on JSE Wednesday

June 24, 2015 by

Carreras fell $2.15 on Wednesday

Carreras fell $2.15 on Wednesday

Activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange ended with 12 stocks rising, 12 declining as 31 securities changed hands, including 2 that closed at new 52 weeks’ high and ending in 5,819,926 units trading, valued at $47,899,964, in all market segments. The main market had more stocks declining than advancing at the close with 9 falling to 6 advancing.
The JSE Market Index lost 137.06 points to 97,315.35, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index declining by 153.20 points to close at 107,711.34 but the JSE combined index declined 273.13 points to end at 99,982.34.
JSE sum 24-6-15 IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 9 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 8 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Caribbean Cement closed with 38,245 shares changing hands at $5.50, Carreras traded 12,000 shares but closed with a loss of $2.15 at $48.35, Desnoes & Geddes lost 45 cents in trading 21,600 shares to close at $7.55. Gleaner ended with 13,645 shares changing hands but gained 8 cents at the close to $1.08, Grace Kennedy had 26,700 units changing hands and fell 50 cents to $63.50, Jamaica Broilers remained firm in trading 94,000 units to end at $6. JSE fn qts 24-6-15Jamaica Stock Exchange in trading 17,135 shares ended with a gain of 1 cent at $6.81, at the close Stocks and Securities offered 982,865 units for sale at $6.80. Kingston Wharves traded 12,229 shares in closing at $7. The stock traded at a 52 weeks’ intraday high of $7.01, Mayberry Investments traded 123,703 shares to dip 7 cents at $2.53, National Commercial Bank declined by just 1 cents in trading 144,522 shares to close at $29, Proven Investments traded 117,000 shares to close at 21.5 US cents up from the closing price of 19.01 US cents on Tuesday. Sagicor Group fell 10 cents with 1,510,308 units trading to end at $12.85, Sagicor Real Estate Fund closed 1 cent down at $8 after 11,625 shares were exchanged and Scotia Group had 156,455 units trading 25 cents higher at $23.50.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

JSE poised to rise on Wednesday

June 23, 2015 by

PriceBalloons_KittisakFREEIMAGE280x150pxActivity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange picked up with one of the better trading days in terms of the number of securities being active. At the close there were 14 stocks rising, 8 declining as 39 securities changed hands, including 4 that closed at new 52 weeks’ high and ending in 4,671,007 units trading, valued at $73,832,092, in all market segments.
The changes in the market indices were very small with the JSE Market Index gaining just 13.43 points to 97,452.41, theJSE All Jamaican Composite index rising by 15.01 points to close at 107,864.54 but the JSE combined index declined by 4.07 points to end at 100,255.47.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 14 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and just 3 with offers that were lower, a suggestion that advancing stocks should have the upper hand again on Wednesday.
JSE sum 23-6-15In trading, Cable & Wireless closed with 1,149,216 units trading to end at 45 cents, Carreras traded 321,462 shares and gained $2.19 to end at $50.50, Desnoes & Geddes gained 44 cents in trading 733,245 shares to close at $8. Gleaner ended with 108,114 shares changing hands but lost 8 cents at the close, Grace Kennedy had 26,700 units changing hands and put on 64 cents to $64, Jamaica Broilers gained 55 cents while trading 8,410 units to end at $6. JMMB Group ended with 20,085 shares trading unchanged at $7.50, Kingston Wharves put on 30 cents in closing at $7 having traded just 2,900 units. Mayberry Investments traded 252,867 shares to close at $2.60 after shedding 30 cents, National Commercial Bank lost 44 cents in trading 1,008,211 shares at $29.01 at the end. JSE fn qts 23-6-15 138 Student Living regained the 40 cents it lost recently to close at $4.40 with 20,000 units changing hands, Pan Jamaican dropped $2.70 with 59,230 units to close at $60.80, Proven Investments traded 305,252 shares between 22 US cents and the closing price of 19.01 US cents, for a slight gain at the end. Radio Jamaica closed with a gain of 30 cents to a new 52 weeks’ high of $3.50 with just 4,214 shares changing hands, Sagicor Group was up 55 cents with 191,448 units trading to end at $12.95, Sagicor Real Estate X Fund closed 1 cent higher at a new high of $8.01 after 4,000 shares were exchanged. Scotia Group had 95,808 units trading 10 cents higher at $23.25 and Scotia Investments traded 15,000 shares at $29.85 at the close.

Filed Under: JSE Main Market, Stock Market Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,