The Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange dropped sharply on Friday, with a 94 percent decline in the volume of stocks traded, with an 84 percent lower value than on Thursday resulting in trading in 19 securities compared with 15 on Thursday, ending with prices of eight stocks rising, five declining and six remaining unchanged.
The market ended with an exchange of 41,595 shares for $545,819 compared to 689,194 stock units at $3,349,599 on Thursday.
An average of 2,189 shares were traded at $28,727 compared to 45,946 units at $223,307 on Thursday, with trading month to date averaging 12,915 shares at $162,075 down from 13,643 stock units at $171,125 on the previous day and an average for December of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index shed 18.80 points to cease trading at 1,190.52, the All T&T Index sank 19.20 points to conclude trading at 1,787.36, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index dropped 2.57 points to 77.24.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows five stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and four with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s ended at $68.50 in trading 25 units, Angostura Holdings climbed 9 cents and ended at $21.49 after 897 stocks crossed the market, Calypso Macro Investment Fund popped 64 cents to close at $23.15 in an exchange of 60 shares. First Citizens Group shed 50 cents to close at $51 with investors trading 885 stocks, FirstCaribbean International Bank ended at $7.05 after 100 shares were traded, GraceKennedy rallied 2 cents to $4.15 after a transfer of 200 units. Guardian Holdings rose 10 cents to close at $18.25 with investors swapping 243 stocks, Guardian Media advanced 5 cents and ended at $2.30 with a transfer of 100 stock units, JMMB Group remained at $1.40 with investors dealing in 333 shares. Massy Holdings ended at $4.40 after investors ended trading 5,391 units, National Enterprises dipped 1 cent to $3.89 after an exchange of 12,793 stocks, National Flour Mills popped 1 cent to end at $2, with 1,248 stock units crossing the market.
NCB Financial sank 34 cents to end at $3.01 with investors trading 1,460 shares, Republic Financial increased 99 cents and ended at $120, with 1,690 stock units clearing the market, Scotiabank skidded 85 cents to close at $69 as investors exchanged 491 units. Trinidad & Tobago NGL ended at $10.30 with an exchange of 2,176 stocks, Trinidad Cement popped 13 cents and ended at $3.28 while exchanging 110 shares, Unilever Caribbean ended at $11.95 with traders dealing in 6,010 stock units and West Indian Tobacco fell 5 cents in closing at $8.70, with 7,383 units changing hands.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Big loss for the Trinidad Exchange
Honours shared on Trinidad Exchange
Trading ended on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Thursday, with the volume of stocks traded rising 47 percent valued 71 percent less than the out turn on Wednesday and resulting in 15 securities trading down from 19 on Wednesday and ending with prices of five stocks rising, five declining and five remaining unchanged.
The market closed with trading of 689,194 shares in an exchange of $3,349,599 versus 467,540 units at $11,703,681 on Wednesday.
An average of 45,946 shares were traded at $223,307 compared with 24,607 stock units at $615,983 on Wednesday. Trading for the month to date averages 13,643 shares for $171,125 compared with 11,814 units at $168,172 on the previous day and an average for December of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index fell 3.38 points to end at 1,209.32, the All T&T Index rallied 0.51 points to 1,806.56, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index lost 1.05 points to cease trading at 79.81.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows four stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s ended at $68.50 after an exchange of 13 shares, Angostura Holdings popped $1.40 to $21.40, with 30 stocks clearing the market, Calypso Macro Investment Fund sank 64 cents to end at $22.51, with investors trading 1,610 shares. First Citizens Group increased 30 cents and ended at $51.50, with 2,525 stocks crossing the market FirstCaribbean International Bank remained at $7.05 in trading 27,461 shares, GraceKennedy fell 2 cents to $4.13, with 7,381 stocks changing hands. Guardian Holdings remained at $18.15 with an exchange of 2,656 units, 
JMMB Group declined 20 cents to close at $1.40 after 110,903 stock units passed through the market, Massy Holdings popped 5 cents to end at $4.40 in an exchange of 467,866 shares. National Enterprises ended at $3.90 with traders dealing in 1,500 stock units, NCB Financial rose 29 cents to $3.35 with an exchange of 56,900 units, Prestige Holdings ended at $9.30 with investors swapping 2,070 stocks. Republic Financial lost 99 cents and ended at $119.01 in an exchange of 2,275 shares, Scotiabank dipped 15 cents in closing at $69.85 with 2,392 stocks changing hands and Trinidad & Tobago NGL rallied 17 cents to end at $10.30 after a transfer of 3,612 units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trading rises on Trinidad & Tobago Stock Exchange
The Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange slipped in value on Wednesday, even as the volume of stocks traded rose 138 percent with a value 514 percent more than on Tuesday, resulting in 19 securities trading up from 12 on Tuesday and ending with prices of six stocks rising, six declining and seven remaining unchanged.
Trading ended with 467,540 shares trading for $11,703,681 compared to 196,786 stock units at $1,906,389 on Tuesday.
An average of 24,607 shares were traded at $615,983 compared with 16,399 units at $158,866 on Tuesday, with trading month to date averaging 11,814 shares at $168,172 compared with 10,826 units at $133,587 on the previous day and December with an average for of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index shed 1.10 points to end at 1,212.70, the All T&T Index dipped 5.53 points to end at 1,806.05, the SME Index remained at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index rose 0.51 points to end at 80.86.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows four stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and two with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s remained at $68.50 with investors transferring 155 stocks, Angostura Holdings skidded $1.50 to $20 in an exchange of 190 units, Ansa McAl popped 80 cents in closing at $56.80 with traders dealing in 172,405 shares. Calypso Macro Investment Fund fell 35 cents to close at $23.15 after a transfer of 22 stock units, First Citizens Group advanced 60 cents to end at $51.20 with investors dealing in 433 shares, FirstCaribbean International Bank ended at $7.05 after an exchange of 25,512 stocks. GraceKennedy shed 1 cent to end at $4.15 with investors swapping 15 units, JMMB Group rose 10 cents to end at $1.60 in an exchange of 102 stock units, Massy Holdings sank 5 cents to close at $4.35 with investors trading 227,281 shares. National Enterprises remained at $3.90, with 1,010 stock units crossing the exchange, 
National Flour Mills dipped 1 cent to $1.99 with a transfer of 1,117 units, One Caribbean Media lost 1 cent in closing at $3.49 as investors exchanged 11 stocks. Point Lisas gained 14 cents and ended at $3.70 after closing with 1,010 units changing hands, Prestige Holdings ended at $9.30 with an exchange of 3,304 shares, Republic Financial ended at $120, with 3,093 stocks crossing the market. Scotiabank ended at $70 after investors ended the trading of 19 stock units, Trinidad & Tobago NGL rallied 2 cents and ended at $10.13 after 7,896 shares passed through the market, Unilever Caribbean increased 20 cents in closing at $11.95, with 1,060 stocks changing hands and West Indian Tobacco ended at $8.75 in trading 22,905 units.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Winning stocks top losers on Trinidad Exchange
Winning stocks top losers in trading on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Monday, following the volume of stocks changing hands rising 110 percent and valued 32 percent less than on Friday, resulting in 19 securities trading compared with 15 on Friday and ended with prices of seven rising, six declining and six remaining unchanged.
The market closed after an exchange of 384,863 shares for $2,986,127 compared with 183,039 stock units at $4,394,938 on Friday.
An average of 20,256 shares were traded at $157,165 compared with 12,203 units at $292,996 on Friday, with trading month to date averaging 10,540 shares at $132,290 compared with 9,682 units at $130,089 on the previous trading day and an average for December of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index advanced 5.84 points to close at 1,213.73, the All T&T Index declined 3.39 points to close trading at 1,813.04, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index popped 2.20 points to 80.11.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows six stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and four with lower offers.
At the close of trading on Monday, Agostini’s shed 25 cents to end at $68.25 in exchanging 15,725 stocks, Angostura Holdings sank 14 cents in closing at $21.50 with traders dealing in 150 units, Ansa McAl dropped $2.98 to $57, with 150 shares crossing the market. Ansa Merchant Bank remained at $43.25 after exchanging 500 stock units, First Citizens closed at $51 with an exchange of 4,225 shares, FirstCaribbean International Bank ended at $7.05 after a transfer of 1,500 stocks. GraceKennedy popped 1 cent to close at $4.16 in trading 24,150 units, Guardian Holdings remained at $18.15, with 200 stock units crossing the market, JMMB Group advanced 8 cents in closing at $1.45 with an exchange of 1,450 shares. Massy Holdings rose 1 cent to $4.45 and closed after an exchange of 146,700 stocks, National Enterprises gained 15 cents to end trading at $3.90 after investors exchanged 26,674 units, National Flour Mills rallied 5 cents to end at $2 in switching ownership of 38,275 stock units. 
NCB Financial increased 5 cents in closing at $3.06 with an exchange of 101,000 shares, Point Lisas lost 34 cents in closing at $3.56 with investors transferring 280 stocks, Prestige Holdings ended at $9.30 after 1,550 units were traded. Republic Financial dipped $2 to $120 with a transfer of 1,408 stock units, Scotiabank popped 1 cent to close at $70.01 in trading 150 shares, Unilever Caribbean fell 15 cents in closing at $11.80, with 651 units clearing the market and the West Indian Tobacco remained at $8.75 in an exchange of 20,125 stocks.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Rising stocks drive Trinidad Exchange higher
Stocks rising at the close of trading on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange surged on Friday, after an exchange of 15 securities compared with 13 on Thursday, with prices of 10 stocks rising, two declining and three remaining unchanged following a 559 percent jump in the volume of stocks traded valued 1,051 percent more than at the close on Thursday and leading to a sizable bounce in the major market indices.
The market closed with an exchange of 183,039 shares for $4,394,938, up from just 27,758 units at $381,991 on Thursday.
An average of 12,203 shares were traded at $292,996 up from 2,135 units at $29,384 on Thursday, with trading month to date averaging 9,682 shares at $130,089 compared with 9,492 stock units at $117,871 on the previous day and December with an average of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index popped 10.04 points to 1,207.89, the All T&T Index advanced 15.44 points to lock up trading at 1,816.43, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index advanced 0.60 points to cease trading at 77.91.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows four stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and four with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s popped 1 cent and ended at $68.50 with investors trading 1,109 stock units, Angostura Holdings climbed $1.54 to $21.64 following the passage through the market of 5,936 shares, Ansa McAl rose $2.98 in closing at $59.98 after investors traded 20 units. Ansa Merchant Bank advanced 25 cents to close at $43.25, with 42,137 stocks crossing the market, First Citizens Group rallied 99 cents to $51 with investors dealing in 6,491 shares, FirstCaribbean International Bank ended at $7.05 in switching ownership of 2,985 stocks. Guardian Holdings gained 15 cents and ended at $18.15 with traders dealing in 31,760 units, JMMB Group rallied 6 cents in closing at $1.37 while exchanging 3,185 stock units, Massy Holdings remained at $4.44, with 68,185 shares crossing the market. 
National Enterprises dipped 5 cents to $3.75 with investors swapping 7,000 stocks, Republic Financial rose 50 cents to $122 with a transfer of 3,631 stocks, Scotiabank advanced 50 cents to $70 after 9,016 units passed through the exchange. Trinidad & Tobago NGL ended at $10.11 with investors trading 1,463 stocks, Trinidad Cement shed 15 cents and ended at $3 in an exchange of 100 shares and Unilever Caribbean popped 20 cents to close at $11.95 after 21 stock units hanged hands.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trinidad Exchange trading drops
Losing stocks dominated trading ended on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Thursday, resulting from an exchange of 13 securities trading compared with 12 on Wednesday and ending with prices of three stocks rising, six declining and four remaining unchanged.
The market closed on Thursday with 80 percent fewer shares trading than were exchanged on Wednesday after 27,758 shares were traded with an 81 percent lower value of $381,991 compared to 141,099 stock units at $1,991,839 on Wednesday.
An average of 2,135 shares were traded at $29,384 compared to 11,758 units at $165,987 on Wednesday, with trading month to date averaging 9,492 shares at $117,871 compared with 10,004 units at $124,022 on the previous day and December with an average of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index dipped 0.19 points to close at 1,197.85, the All T&T Index declined 0.76 points to end the day at 1,800.99, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index advanced 0.06 points to conclude trading at 77.31.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows seven stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and three with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s ended trading at $68.49 with investors trading 14 stocks, Angostura Holdings skidded 40 cents to $20.10, with 48 units clearing the market, First Citizens Group ended at $50.01 with 1,850 shares being traded. FirstCaribbean International Bank popped 5 cents in closing at $7.05, with 62 stock units crossing the market, JMMB Group sank 6 cents to $1.31 with an exchange of 5,000 shares, Massy Holdings ended at $4.44, with 9,104 stock units changing hands. 
National Flour Mills dropped 5 cents and ended at $1.95 in trading 5,643 units, Prestige Holdings rallied 4 cents to end at $9.30 after exchanging 176 stock units, Republic Financial rose 50 cents in closing at $121.50 with investors dealing in 1,643 shares. Scotiabank fell 50 cents to close at $69.50 in switching ownership of 99 stocks, Trinidad & Tobago NGL declined 56 cents to $10.11 as investors exchanged 500 units, Trinidad Cement shed 10 cents to close at $3.15 after 3,000 stock units crossed the market and Unilever Caribbean remained at $11.75 with a transfer of 619 shares.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trinidad stock market slips
Trading ended on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Tuesday, with a 114 percent rise in the volume of stocks traded with a value 167 percent more than on Monday that resulted in the trading 16 securities compared with 12 on Monday and ending with prices of three stocks rising, six declining and seven remaining unchanged.
The market closed trading with an exchange of 106,319 shares for $3,759,336 up from 49,600 stock units at $1,406,823 on Monday.
An average of 6,645 shares were traded at $234,958 compared with 4,133 stock units at $117,235 on Monday, with trading month to date averaging 9,884 shares at $121,144 compared with 10,209 units at $109,691 on the previous day and an average for December of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index fell 0.58 points to end at 1,197.37, the All T&T Index declined 1.92 points to culminate at 1,800.25, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index climbed 0.12 points to cease trading at 77.28.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows four stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and three with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s fell 1 cent and ended at $68.49 after an exchange of 50 units, Ansa McAl ended at $57 as 710 stocks passed through the market, Calypso Macro Investment Fund ended at $23.50 with traders dealing in 80 shares. Endeavour Holdings dropped 25 cents to close at $14.50 in an exchange of 70 stock units, First Citizens Group slipped 1 cent to $50 with investors trading 32,400 shares, FirstCaribbean International Bank remained at $7, with 51,102 stocks crossing the market. GraceKennedy ended at $4.17 in trading 783 units, Guardian Holdings ended at $18 after a transfer of 764 stock units, JMMB Group gained 9 cents to close at $1.37 with investors dealing in 1,003 shares. Massy Holdings lost 7 cents to end at $4.35 after 4,208 stocks crossed the exchange, 
National Enterprises skidded 5 cents to $3.90 with investors swapping 55 units, Republic Financial ended at $121 with an exchange of 13,757 stocks. Scotiabank dipped 1 cent to end at $69.99 after trading 119 shares, Trinidad & Tobago NGL popped 77 cents in closing at $10.77 with just two stocks changing hands, Unilever Caribbean advanced 5 cents and ended at $11.65 in an exchange of 160 stocks and West Indian Tobacco remained at $8.90, with 1,056 stock units crossing the market.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Falling stocks drag down Trinidad market
Trading activity continued to fall on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Monday, with the volume of stocks traded declining 44 percent valued at 17 percent lower than on Friday resulting in the trading of 12 securities down from 18 on Friday and ending with prices of three stocks rising, five declining and four remaining unchanged.
The market closed trading with an exchange of a mere 49,600 shares for $1,406,823 compared with 88,802 stock units at $1,700,694 on Friday.
An average of 4,133 shares were traded on Monday at $117,235 compared to 4,933 units at $94,483 on Friday, with trading month to date averaging 10,209 shares at $109,691 compared to 10,706 units at $109,076 on the previous day that trading took place compared with an average for December of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index sank 1.85 points to close trading at 1,197.95, the All T&T Index dropped 3.58 points to close at 1,802.17, the SME Index remained at 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index ended unchanged at 77.16.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows eight stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and five with lower offers.
At the close of trading for the day, Agostini’s ended at $68.50 with an exchange of 1,882 units, Angostura Holdings dropped $2.32 to $20.10 with investors swapping 19 stocks, Ansa McAl ended at $57 after an exchange of 7,040 shares. First Citizens Group popped 1 cent in closing at $50.01 with investors trading 2,158 stock units, FirstCaribbean International Bank ended at $7 in an exchange of 2,900 shares, Massy Holdings sank 3 cents to $4.42 as 
23,097 stock units passed through the market. National Enterprises rose 39 cents to $3.95 after investors ended the trading of 3,000 units, One Caribbean Media remained at $3.50 with 475 stocks crossing the exchange, Prestige Holdings declined 4 cents to end at $9.26 with traders dealing in 456 shares. Republic Financial lost $1 to close at $121 while exchanging 725 stocks, Scotiabank advanced 45 cents to $70 with investors transferring 7,712 units and Unilever Caribbean skidded 15 cents to end at $11.60 after 136 stock units were traded.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Big fall for Trinidad Exchange
Trading ended on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Thursday, with the volume of stocks traded being marginally lower than on Wednesday, valued 22 percent lower and resulting in a big drop in the market value following the trading of 16 securities compared with 20 on Wednesday, with prices of three stocks rising, nine declining and four remaining unchanged.
The Composite Index fell 9.49 points to end at 1,205.61, the All T&T Index shed 18.44 points to settle at 1,803.79, the SME Index slipped 0.35 points to 78.23 and the Cross-Listed Index popped 0.01 points to 79.14.
The market closed with an exchange of 220,558 shares for $1,986,863 versus 221,446 stock units at $2,548,418 on Wednesday.
An average of 13,785 units were traded at $124,179 compared to 11,072 shares at $127,421 on Wednesday, with trading month to date averaging 11,511 shares at $111,112 compared to 11,189 units at $109,266 on the previous day and with an average for December of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows five stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and five with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s ended at $68.50 and closed with an exchange of 266 units, Angostura Holdings dropped $2.69 in closing at $20.05 with 145 stocks being traded, CinemaOne shed 10 cents to $6.90 with investors transferring 100 shares. First Citizens Group declined 1 cent and ended at $50 with 15,918 stocks trading, FirstCaribbean International Bank fell 5 cents to close at $7 with investors swapping 10,000 shares, GraceKennedy skidded 6 cents to $4.11 with an exchange of 17,082 stock units. Guardian Holdings lost 25 cents in closing at $18 with investors trading 2,000 units, JMMB Group remained at $1.28 with a transfer of 19,207 stocks, Massy Holdings popped 1 cent and ended at $4.45 while exchanging 57,812 units. National Enterprises sank 10 cents to close at $3.55 with investors trading 20,771 stocks, 
National Flour Mills gained 10 cents to end at $1.99, with 42,102 shares changing hands, Point Lisas remained at $3.90 in trading 2,076 stock units. Prestige Holdings ended at $9.30 after an exchange of 2,011 shares, Republic Financial rose 18 cents and ended at $122.58 after 1,728 units passed through the market, Scotiabank dipped 1 cent to close at $69.98 with traders dealing in 469 stocks and Trinidad & Tobago NGL fell $1.28 to a 52 weeks’ low of $9.38 with 28,871 stock units clearing the market.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.
Trinidad stocks post gains Wednesday
Trading ended on the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange on Wednesday, with the volume of stocks traded rising 219 percent, valued 241 percent more than on Tuesday resulting in 20 securities trading compared with 14 on Tuesday, with six stocks rising, six declining and eight remaining unchanged.
Investors exchanged 221,446 shares for $2,548,418 up from 69,412 stock units at $746,479 on Tuesday.
An average of 11,072 units were traded at $127,421 compared to 4,958 shares at $53,320 on Tuesday, with trading month to date averaging 11,189 shares at $109,266 compared to 11,214 units at $105,361 on the previous day and December with an average of 17,065 shares at $239,371.
The Composite Index gained 5.68 points to finish at 1,215.10, the All T&T Index rallied 11.40 points to 1,822.23, the SME Index remained unchanged at 78.58 and the Cross-Listed Index slipped 0.06 points to 79.13.
Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows six stocks ended with bids higher than their last selling prices and four with lower offers.
At the close, Agostini’s remained at $68.50 after an exchange of 10 stock units, Angostura Holdings rose 94 cents to $22.74 with investors dealing in 16,014 shares, Ansa McAl climbed $1.35 to end at $57.25 with 13,573 stocks clearing the market. 
Ansa Merchant Bank ended at $43 with investors trading 200 units, Calypso Macro Investment Fund skidded 93 cents to $22.57, with 300 stocks crossing the exchange, First Citizens Group popped 71 cents in closing at $50.01 after and exchange of 4,877 shares were . FirstCaribbean International Bank rallied 5 cents to $7.05 as investors exchanged 98 units, GraceKennedy fell 1 cent to end at $4.17, with 2,300 stocks changing hands, Guardian Holdings ended at $18.25 with an exchange of 67 shares. JMMB Group increased 2 cents and ended at $1.28 after closing with an exchange of 559 units, Massy Holdings slipped 1 cent to $4.44 after a transfer of 167,857 stocks, National Enterprises ended at $3.65 with traders dealing in 2,750 stock units. National Flour Mills ended at $1.89, with 874 shares crossing the market, Point Lisas remained at $3.90 in trading 214 stock units, 
Prestige Holdings ended at $9.30 after 282 units crossed the market. Republic Financial lost 10 cents to close at $122.40 in an exchange of 1,803 stocks, Scotiabank advanced 9 cents in closing at $69.99 with investors swapping 1,148 shares, Trinidad & Tobago NGL dipped 28 cents to end at $10.66 after an exchange of 1,137 stock units. Unilever Caribbean remained at $11.75 trading 1,000 units and West Indian Tobacco sank 10 cents to close at $8.90 after exchanging 6,383 stocks.
Prices of securities trading are those for the last transaction of each stock unless otherwise stated.