21 stocks fell 9 rose & 4 new highs

Mayberry traded 2.7 million shares to close at $2.88.

Mayberry traded 2.7 million shares to close at $2.88.

Activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange, resulted in 41 securities changed hands with the prices of 9 stocks rising, 21 declining and ending with 5,742,458 units trading, valued at only $25,119,327, in all market segments. The last minute trade in some stocks with just a few units, raises questions about their validity.
The number of securities trading on Thursday is by far the largest, since IC Insider has been reporting from 2013. At the close, JSE Market Index gained 404.52 points to 99,499.43, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 452.29 points to close at 109,963.28, after trading over 110,000 points during the day and the JSE combined index gained 356.44 points to close at 101,656.34. JSe sum 14-5-15There were 4 stocks closing at 52 weeks’ high in the entire market.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 8 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 5 with offers that were lower.
Stocks trading include, Barita Investments closed trading with 151,783 shares to end 11 cents lower at $2.26, Berger Paints had 9,858 shares trading with a gain of 8 cents to a 52 weeks’ high of $2.08, Cable & Wireless lost altitude by dropping 2 cents in trading 723,882 units, to end at 46 cents. Caribbean Cement trading 315,244 shares with the price falling to $4.20 rising back to $5, Desnoes & Geddes closed at $7.10 with 15,300 units trading, Grace Kennedy traded 106,525 shares to close down by 50 cents at $64.50 after trading as high as $65.25. The stock is unlikely to get any help in trading for the next few days as they reported lower profits in the March quarter with profit of $589 million versus $833 million in 2014. Hardware & Lumber traded just 1,750 shares to lose 25 cents to $10.75, Mayberry Investments traded 2,735,521 units up $3 but fell back to closed at $2.88, All the Mayberry shares were purchased through Mayberry Investments, JSE fn qts 14-5-15with JMMB Securities virtually all units with most being sold from JMMB inventory and bought by Mayberry for in house purposes. National Commercial Bank closed with a 51 cents loss with 92,298 shares trading to close at $30.50, Sagicor Group had just 14,630 shares trading at $12.15. Sagicor Real Estate Fund gained 68 cents with 9,427 shares trading, to end at $7.28, following first quarter report showing a big jump in profit to $570 million, from $242 million, in 2014, as the acquisition of a hotel in Montego Bay pumped up revenues and profit in the quarter, in the best period for income in the hotel sector. Salada Foods gained 25 cents with just 2,672 shares trading at $9.25, Scotia Investments ended shedding 25 cents while trading 2,150 shares to end at $24.75, Seprod ended with 120,515shares trading at $18.25 and Proven Investments had 5,000 shares trading to close at an all-time high of 21.25 US cents.

One broker pulled juniors down

Mayberry sold small volumes several individual stocks with less than two minutes to close, pulling the prices down.

Mayberry sold small volumes several individual stocks with less than two minutes to close, pulling the prices down.

On Wednesday the main market pulled back a few points, having surged for much of the day, with triple digit gains. Thursday was the turn of the junior market to see an apparent closing, that was lower by a few points, with prices trimmed minutes from the close for a number of stocks. The Junior Market ended with 17 securities trading, the most for some time, if not for all times and ended with 296,055 units changing hands valued at $653,047.
The JSE Junior Market Index declined 2.59 points to close at 866.40, with the price of only 3 stocks advancing and 8 declining and 2 closing at 52 weeks’ high as Mayberry intervened with less than 2 minutes to close by selling a series of small amounts to push several junior market stock prices down.
For most of the day until after 12 noon, the index for the junior market was in record territory to an all-time high. In early morning session junior stocks had put on 13.39 points to 882.38 points a then record. Several very small trades executed on the sell side by Mayberry Investments at 12.52 pm pushed the prices of several stocks down.
Access Financial Services

Access closed at an all time high of $17 but with only 200 shares purchased by MIL for in house purposes from JMMB

Prior to these trades Mayberry crossed 50,000 Lasco Distributors at $1.50, bringing the price down by 20 cents at 12:18 o’clock from the close on Wednesday and sold 13,000 units to Victoria Wealth Management at the same price for the last trade in the stock for the day. At the close the stock had a bid to buy 106,000 units at $1.52.
At the close of the market, there were 3 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 3 with lower offers. The junior market ended with 4 securities closing with no bids to buy and 7 securities that had no stocks being offered for sale.
Stocks trading in the junior market are, Access Financial trading at a new 52 weeks high of $17, but with just 200 units changing hands to gain $1.90, AMG Packaging ended with 2,115 shares changing hands, to close 5 cents lower, at $3.25. Blue Power traded 979 units to close with a gain of 99 cents at $9.80, to close at a 52 weeks’ high, Cargo Handlers finished with 5,000 units to close unchanged at $22.08, Caribbean Producers ended trading with 16,489 shares trading at $2.88. Consolidated Bakeries traded 968,369 units at $1 as the company reported first quarter results showing profit more than doubling from $4.6 million to $13.9 million. JM 14-5-15General Accident Insurance concluded trading with 104,533 shares changing hands to close 7 cents lower at $2.08. Honey Bun had just one trade of a mere 2,729 shares with the price falling 40 cents, to $2.50, Jamaican Teas closed trading with 2,170 units and lost 25 cents to $2.65, Lasco Distributors traded 89,880 shares and dropped 20 cents to $1.50, Lasco Financial Services finished trading with 62,331 units, the price slipped 10 cents to $1.35. There was dealing in 9,629 Lasco Manufacturing’s shares as the stock traded lower by 1 cent to $1.34, Paramount Trading ended trading with 102,543 shares to end with an a fall of 28 cents at $3.71 and Derrimon Trading preference share finished traded just 1,000 shares to closed end up 25 cents at $2.25.

Juniors closed at new high

Bull280X150 At the end of trading on Wednesday the Junior Market index had its third consecutive day of rising prices, to end at a new record of 868.99, at 8.03 points ahead of Tuesday’s record close. With 10 securities trading, the market ended with 707,451 units changing hands valued at $2,938,261. The JSE Junior Market close with the price of 5 stocks advancing and 1 declining including 1 closing at a 52 weeks’ high.
At the close, there were 3 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and only 1 with a lower offer, this is an early sign that investors may be cooling their aggressive stance in picking up stocks. The junior market ended with 3 securities closing with no bids to buy and 7 securities that had no stocks being offered for sale.
Stocks trading in the junior market are, Cargo Handlers having 10,000 shares trading to close at $22.08, Caribbean Cream closed with 1,495,613 shares trading at $1.05, Caribbean Producers with 147,200 shares trading at $2.88, General Accident Insurance concluded trading with 86,000 shares changing hands to close 10 cents higher at a new JM 13-5-1552 weeks’ high of $2.15. Honey Bun ended with 10,800 shares changing hands to close higher by 20 cents at $2.90, Jamaican Teas ended trading with 5,000 shares after adding 15 cents to end at $2.90, Lasco Distributors finished trading with 11,219 shares to closed at $1.70, Lasco Financial Services finished trading with 89,336 units, the price rose 8 cents to $1.45. There was dealing in 212,781 Lasco Manufacturing’s shares, the stock traded lower by 5 cents to $1.35 and Medical Disposables contributed 31,415 shares with the price remaining unchanged at $1.80.

JSE cooled but 16 stocks still rise

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NCB gained $1.01 to close at a new 41/2 years' high of $31.01

NCB gained $1.01 to close at a new 41/2 years’ high of $31.01

Activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange, resulted in the prices of 16 stocks rising, 3 declining as 29 securities changed hands, ending in 4,719,789 units trading, valued at $62,109,230, in all market segments.
The JSE Market Index declined 29.63 points to 99,094.91, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index fell 33.14 points to close at 109,510.99 and the JSE combined index gained 49.81 points to close at 101,299.90, the latter due to the rise of junior market stocks.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 8 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 2 with offers that were lower. This reading is well down from the double digits bids being higher for several days and may be an indication that price gains going forward for now may be cooling, that is the norm after results are out for the first quarter. JSE sum 13-5-15Another indicator of a slowing market is the number of new 52 weeks’ high have slowed with just 1 in the junior market and 3 in the main market.
Stocks changing hands includes, Cable & Wireless that traded 549,019 units to close unchanged at 48 cents, Caribbean Cement closed with 120,167 units trading, falling by 55 cents to $4.50, Carreras ended with a rise of 89 cents to $49 with 19,919 shares, Desnoes & Geddes traded 170,755 units at $7.11 up by 9 cents. Grace Kennedy traded unchanged at $65 with 46,504 shares, Jamaica Broilers closed down by 9 cents to end at $5.16 after trading at an intraday 52 weeks’ high of $5.50 with 95,942 shares being active, Jamaica Producers traded 8,502 shares at $18.52 and gained 2 cents. JMMB Group closed with 66,855 shares trading at a new 52 weeks’ high of $9.55 after gaining 5 cents, Kingston Wharves had 49,000 units trading to end 10 cents higher at $6.12,JSE fn qts 13-5-15 National Commercial Bank closed $1.01 higher to a new 52 weeks’ high with 1,257,840 shares and ended at $31.01, after trading most at $30 and $30.50. Pan Jamaican closed with 17,824 units trading to end higher by 30 cents at $58.11. Proven Investments had 46,355 shares changing hands at 21 US cents, Radio Jamaica had just 2,936 units trading, to end at a new 52 weeks’ high of $2.40 as the stock gained 21 cents, at the close. Sagicor Group traded 113,272 shares to end higher by 6 cents at $12.16, Salada Foods had 40,000 units trading to end at $9, having fallen by 50 cents, Scotia Group traded 341,246 shares to close at $26 for a gain of 97 cents and Supreme Ventures had 100,000 units trading to end at $3.95.

16 stocks rise 5 down on JSE

JMMB Group closed at 52 weeks' high on Tuesday

JMMB Group closed at 52 weeks’ high on Tuesday

Activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange, continues to be bullish and resulted in the prices of 16 stocks rising, including 9 new closing 52 weeks’ highs, just 5 declining as 30 securities changed hands, ending in only 3,281,521 units trading, valued at a mere $13,621,699, in all market segments.
The JSE Market Index gained 413.98 points to end at 99,124.54, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 462.85 points to close at 109,544.13 and the JSE combined index gained 544.39 points to close at 101,253.09. The market broke through resistance on Monday, and seems to be moving away from the latest test. The next test at 115,000 points that is likely to challenge the rally with earnings almost fully in in a few days.JSE sum 12-5-15 The added factor is the short-term moving average is lagging by a large margin the current market level and they will need some time to catch up with each other, if a correction does not take effect to bring more in line with each other.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 11 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 3 with offers that were lower.
Stocks trading include Barita Investments ending with 320,000 shares trading 6 cents higher, at $2.37, for a 52 weeks’ high. Berger Paints had 20,571 units changing hands 16 cents $2, Cable & Wireless had 727,789 actively trading at 48 cents as the price ended 2 cents higher, Caribbean Cement closed at a new 52 weeks high of $5.05 with the price rising 51 cents with 671,498 shares changing hands. JSE fn Qts 12-5-15Desnoes & Geddes closed with 15,000 shares to hit a 52 weeks’ high of $7.05 after posting a gain of 15 cents, Grace Kennedy traded 16,875shares to end at $65 but lost 49 cents, JMMB Group had 36,078 shares changing hands at 41 cents higher for a 52 weeks high of $9.50. National Commercial Bank traded 72,619 shares at $30, Sagicor Group exchanged 16,187 units at $12.10 with a gain of 10 cents, Salada Foods traded 5,910 units and put on 83 cents to $9.50, Scotia Group had 41,000 shares changing hands to close 1 cents higher at $25.03 after trading as high as $27, 81. Supreme Ventures traded 179,873 shares at a new 52 weeks; high of $3.95 by adding 6 cents. Jamaica Money Market Brokers 7.50% preference share traded 42,000 units at $2.10 but ended 1 cent lower and the 8.75% preference share traded 376,500 to end at $3, after losing 2 cents.

New record for junior market

Bottle heating machine at Lasco Manufacturing. The company's closed at a 52 weeks high.

Bottle heating machine at Lasco Manufacturing. The company’s closed at a 52 weeks high.

Lagging the performance of the main market for weeks, the junior market has quietly come into its own, posting new record highs on two consecutive days. Having surpassed the previous high on Monday, it went on to post a new high on Tuesday when it ended at 860.96 points up 16.66 points for the day.
Trading picked up on the Junior Market in the early hours of trading but slowed done considerable thereafter in the end it closed with 11 securities trading, and ended with 707,451 units changing hands valued at $2,017,008. The JSE Junior Market closed with the price of 5 stocks advancing and 3 declining including 4 that closed at 52 weeks’ highs.
At the close of the market, there were 2 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and only 1 with a lower offer. The junior market ended with 3 securities closing with no bids to buy and 7 securities that had no stocks being offered for sale.
Stocks trading in the junior market are, Access Financial trading 39,172 units at $15.10, AMG Packaging ending with 7,830 shares changing hands to close at $3.30, Cargo Handlers finished with 500 units to close at a new high of $22.08, after adding 8 cents. Caribbean Cream with just 100 shares trading, gained 9 cents to close at a new JM 12-5-1552 weeks high of $1.05, Caribbean Producers with 248,000 closed at $2.88 but traded the bulk of them at $3, General Accident Insurance concluded trading with 26,000 shares changing hands, to close 23 cents higher, at a new 52 weeks’ high of $2.05. Honey Bun closed trading with 1,200 shares to gain 60 cents and end at $2.70, Knutsford Express closed with 1,000 shares trading at $6. Lasco Distributors ended with 227,498 shares trading, 1 cent higher, at $1.50, Lasco Financial Services finished trading with 55,531 units, the price slipped 7 cents to $1.37 and Lasco Manufacturing closed with 100,620 units at $1.40 to gain 3 cents and closed at a new 52 weeks’ high.

JSE back at August 2008 levels

Scotia rose to $27 during trading to help push market on Monday

Scotia rose to $27 during trading to help push market on Monday

The Jamaica Stock Exchange closed Monday at a 82 months’ high, taking it back to August 2008, just before the market tanked, ahead of rising interest rates locally.
Today’s trading resulted in the prices of 13 stocks rising, 9 declining as 32 securities changed hands, ending in 3,376,261 units trading, valued at $34,457,428, in all market segments with the market indices continuing to record gains. The market closed with 6 new 52 weeks high in the junior and main market.
TheJSE Market Index gained 1,291.03 points to 98,710.56, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 1,443.44 points to close at 109,081.28 and the JSE Combined Index closed at 100,708.70 with a gain of 1,293.92 points. JSE sum 11-5-15The JSE All Jamaican Composite index closed at the highest level since it closed on August 28, 2008 at 109,877.58. Based on Monday’s close, the market has now crossed over the resistance trend line, just below today’s close. With Scotia Group pulling back from today‘s high of $27, there is no certainty that it will remain above resistance at the close on Tuesday, even if it does not pull back, the 115,000 mark, just 6,000 points away, is likely to be a real test as most first quarter results would have been released this week.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 11 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 4 with offers that were lower.
Stocks trading include, Berger Paints trading 2,705 shares at $1.80 after shedding 15 cents. Cable & Wireless ended with 196,631 JSE qts 11-5-15shares to close up 3 cents at 46 cents, Caribbean Cement ended with 15,074 units with the price falling 49 cents to $4.50, Carreras traded just 2,000 shares and declined 85 cents to $48.10, Desnoes & Geddes traded 252,106 shares $6.90 while adding 30 cents, Gleaner finished trading 886,808 units at $1, Jamaica Broilers ended trading with 7,634 shares at a new 52 weeks’ high of $5.25 after posting a gain of 45 cents. Jamaica Stock Exchange ended with 607,587 units and lost 3 cents at $2.90, JMMB Group closed with 35,677 shares at $9.10, for a gain of 39 cents. Mayberry Investments had dealing in only 1,669 shares to close at $2.80, to gain 5 cents, while National Commercial Bank contributed 845,891 shares at $30. Radio Jamaica traded gained 19 cents while 25,185 shares traded at a new 52 weeks’ high of $2.19, Sagicor Group completed trading with 191,940 units at $12, with a 10 cents loss. Scotia Group traded 16,348 shares to close at $25.02 to lose 98 cents compared to Friday’s close but traded at a new intraday high of $27. Scotia Investments had 10,000 units trading at $24.60 to gain 10 cents and Jamaica Money Market Brokers 7.50% preference share traded 50,000 units at $2.11.

Are Proven & NCB buying 36% of Guardian?

Investment banker Proven Investments and National Commercial Bank, Jamaica’s number one banking group, are lining up to acquire some large blocks of shares in Guardian Holdings, the Trinidad & Tobago company. IC Insider has confirmed that the targets are – Tenetic Limited block of 35.84 million, which, amounts to 15.46 percent of the company and Arthur Lok Jack’s direct holding of 6.29 percent or 14.59 million units. Arthur Lok Jack’s is listed as having a beneficial interest in Tenetic. Royal Insurance Trinidad holds 22.33 million units or 9.63 percent and RBC Trust T&T controls 4.99 percent or 11.57 million shares.
Lok Jack wants out, as various sources indicate that his holdings were partially funded by borrowings and he now needs to liquidate the debt. Royal Bank, according to our sources, is moving completely out of the Caribbean region. This sale would be another aspect of their exiting. RBC sold the Jamaica operations last year to Sagicor Group and the Suriname operation to Republic Bank of Trinidad, slated to be sold the Cayman operation.
Guardian HoldingThe acquisition of Guardian would be a complete reversal, returning the company to its Jamaican roots. Guardian was once majority owned by Jamaica Mutual life, but Mutual sold out their holding sometimes before they ran into Jamaica’s problems and folded. The Jamaican entities consider the company to be clean, well run and considerably undervalued. Part of the plan is to increase the dividend payments, which is just a third of profits and relist the shares on the Jamaica Stock exchange once more. No time frame was given when the deal will be sealed, but Proven has just raised approximately US$30 million in a rights issue of shares, so they are well prepared to take up their share with borrowings being a part it of the funding.
Guardian traded in Trinidad at TT$14.26 or U$2.23 on Wednesday. This would mean that the sale to Proven and NCB stands at a whopping U$$188 million, representing approximately 84.33 million units or 36.37 percent of the current share capital of 231.9 million units.
Guardian is primarily a Life Insurance company but also owns a general insurance arm. NCB operates the well known OMNI Life Insurance Company. Part of the likely synergy in future would be a merger of general insurance companies with Omni to be sold to the Life Insurance arm, enjoying economies of scale. The possibility exists that and the expanded general Insurance company could be listed on the stock exchanges within the Caribbean, thus spreading the risk associated therewith.
Guardian reported total revenues of TT$4.8 billion in 2014 and profit to shareholders of TT$401 million. Total shareholder equity stood at TT$2.9 billion and net asset per share TT$2.65. Dividends paid was 57 cents, covered by profits to the tune of just over three times.
NCB MbayLast year Proven acquired a block of shares in Knutsford Express bring their total holdings to 20,000,002 units or 20 percent of the company and 49 percent of Access Financial Services.Proven Investments is chaired by the leading Jamaican Lawyer, Hugh Hart, a former senator and minister of government under the Jamaica Labour Party regime of the 1980s. Some of the top shareholders include directly, or through companies they are connected to are Hugh Hart, Garfield Sinclair, CEO of Cable & Wireless Jamaica, Christopher Williams, President, Proven Investments and former manager of NCB Capital Markets, an NCB subsidiary; Senator Mark Golding, Justice Minister; Peter Bunting, Security Minister and Paula Kerr-Jarret. Transport and Works Minister Omar Davies is also a holder of shares in the company.
Patrick Hylton, President of NCB, is a director of Massy Holdings, of which Lok Jack is the Chairman.

18 gains 10 new highs – Tuesday

H&L gained 35% or $2.65 to $10.15 on Tuesday

H&L gained 35% or $2.65 to $10.15 on Tuesday

The closing main market indices do not tell the full tale of activity on the Jamaica Stock Exchange on Tuesday, as the day closed with 10 new at 52 weeks’ high and with advancing stocks out numbering declining stocks, by a wide margin as 60 percent of stocks trading increased in price. During the early morning, trading in two stocks was halted having exceeded the 15 percent circuit breaker maximum price movement initially.
Hardware and Lumber one of the stocks after an hour freeze in the trade went through with a gain of 29.70 percent but Radio Jamaica price of $3 that the stock had attempted trading at, was well over the 30 percent allowed and was cancelled. Ciboney price gained more than thirty percent from the last price but the bid on the previous day was such that the trade could take place unimpeded as the benchmark for the 15 percent was the bid price in the case. The market closed with the prices of 18 stocks rising, 5 declining, with 30 securities changing hands, ending in 7,028,882 units trading, valued at $46,086,343, in all market segments.
JSE sum 5-5-15 Main Market| The JSE Market Index gained just 11.21 points to 95,493.85, the JSE All Jamaican Composite index rose 12.53 points to close at 105,484.85 and the JSE combined index gained 181.45 points to close at 97,599.81.
IC bid-offer Indicator| At the end of trading, in the main and junior markets, the Investor’s Choice bid-offer indicator shows 14 stocks with bids higher than their last selling prices and 2 with offers that were lower.
In trading, Caribbean Cement ended with 50,000 units to close higher by 80 cents to end at $5, a new 52 weeks’ high, Carreras closed with 18,000 shares trading as the price jumped $2.82 to $50, a new 52 weeks’ high. Ciboney finished with 500,000 units and put on 2 cents to close at 9 cents, Desnoes & Geddes finished trading with 500 shares and gained of 2 cents to end at a new 52 weeks’ high of $6.51. Grace Kennedy concluded trading with just 10,193 units, 11 cents higher at $64.12, Hardware & Lumber had trading of 4,000 shares, the price climbed $2.65 to end at $10.15, Jamaica Broilers contributed 176,408 shares but the price gained by 9 cents to $5, JMMB Group finished trading with 1,026,000 units to close at $8.30, for a new 52 weeks’ high. Mayberry Investments had dealing in 120,581 units with a gain on 1 cent to end at a new 52 weeks’ high of $2.80, JSE cl qts 5-5-15National Commercial Bank contributed 275,391 shares to trading and ended higher by 51 cents at $30.50, Pan Jamaican Investment ended with 169,314 units trading, 51 cents higher at $57.51. Sagicor Group closed with 160,357 shares traded with a gain of 20 cents to $12.20, a new 52 weeks’ high. Scotia Group finished with 30,305 shares as the price ended at $25, Seprod finished trading with 64,600 units to close at $18.50, Supreme Ventures concluded trading with 755,156 shares as the rice rose 39 cents to end at $3.90, a new 52 weeks’ high. Proven Investments had trading in 25,994 units with the price falling .001 us cents to end at 20.99 us cents, Jamaica Money Market Brokers 8.75% preference share finished trading with 180,097 units with a decline of 20 cents to $3 and Proven Investments 8% preference share closed with 64,240 units as the price slipped 5 cents to $5.

JPS costly power losses

Kelly Tomblin - CEO JPS

Kelly Tomblin – CEO JPS

Jamaicans are paying a dear price for the huge system losses at Jamaica Public Service Company (JPS). The cost amounts to US$27 million last year, but that is only the direct cost.
The cost to the wider society the loss in business opportunities and jobs lost due to higher operating cost, that makes some entities not as competitive as they ought, have not yet been quantified, but is likely to be far greater than the $27 million mentioned above. According to data from JPS, system losses increased by just over 1 percent last year, ending the year at 26.65 percent. That is huge, and is well over the 10 percent experts say it should be. JPS in a recent report to its shareholders said “Electricity theft resulted in a net penalty of US$18.4 million to JPS on the cost of fuel used in electricity generation.”
Faced with the massive theft of electricity, the company began curtailing the hours of service to certain communities where according to the company more than 70 percent of the electricity provided was being stolen. The move irritated the Office of Utilities Regulation and some politicians forcing the company to back off. Unfortunately, the issue of theft has been a longstanding problem which the government who have responsibility for keeping order in the society have failed to address, forgetting that it has wider implications for economic growth and development.

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