The Jamaica Stock Exchange traded in a narrow band on Monday, with the Junior Market closing just higher than at the end of trading on Friday but the JSER Main market and JSE USD market slipped lower, following a modest pickup in trading over Friday’s levels.
Trading ended after the JSE Combined Market Index rose 14.28 points to close at 348,844.36, the All Jamaican Composite Index shed 503.63 points to close at 372,168.67, the JSE Main Index dipped 58.12 points to 337,003.10, the Junior Market Index managed to hold on a gain of 7.48 points to end at 3,755.65 and the JSE USD Market Index dropped 10.96 points to end at 199.24.
Stocks in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Jamaica Public Service 7% jumping $9 to close at $69.
At the close, investors exchanged 30,833,189 shares in all three markets, up from 23,826,160 units on Friday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $112.47 million from $110.3 million on Friday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 959,588 shares for US$46,217 compared to 211,505 units at US$16,972 on Friday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.2 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.4 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Weekend rally for all JSE Markets
All three markets of the Jamaica Stock Exchange closed higher at the end of trading on Friday with Main Market putting in solid gains while the others rose modestly following a pickup in trading over Thursday’s levels.
At the close of trading, the JSE Combined Market Index ran 2,495.00 points higher to 348,830.07, the All Jamaican Composite Index jumped 3,017.25 points to 372,672.30, the JSE Main Index climbed 2,660.04 points to 337,061.22, the Junior Market just managed to squeeze out a rise of 1.42 points in the market index to end at 3,750.17 and the JSE USD Market Index rallied 3.83 points to end at 210.66.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Jamaica Public Service 9.5% jumped $21 to close at $3,000.
At the close, investors exchanged 23,826,160 shares in all three markets, up from 20,280,791 units on Thursday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $110.3 million from $95.54 million on Thursday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 211,505 shares for US$16,972 compared to 142,507 units at US$31,099 on Thursday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.5 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.4 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Decline for all JSE Markets
All three markets of the Jamaica Stock Exchange declined at the close of trading on Thursday with trading falling below Wednesday’s levels.
The JSE Combined Market Index declined 916.16 points to 346,335.07, the All Jamaican Composite Index dropped 1,262.90 points to 369,655.05, the JSE Main Index dipped 770.38 points to settle at 334,401.18 the Junior Market Index dropped 21.56 points to end at 3,748.75 and the JSE USD Market Index dipped 0.74 points to close at 206.83.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Eppley 5% preference share popped $1.91 to end at $22.90, Jamaica Public Service 7% lost $19 to close at $60 and 138 Student Living preference share dipped $1.67 to $105.
At the close, investors exchanged 20,280,791 shares in all three markets, down from 43,828,723 units on Wednesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $95.54 million, down from $139.5 million on Wednesday. 
Trading on the JSE USD market ended with investors trading 142,507 shares for US$31,099, up from 679,924 units at US$31,830 on Wednesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.5 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.4 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Main & Junior Market rally, JSEUSD drops
Main Market on stocks recorded solid gains in trading following the closure of the market for the Labour Day holiday on Tuesday while the Junior Market got added push with the price of Fosrich jumping to over $3 on heavy trading but the JSE USD Market dropped sharply to close much lower than Monday, following a pickup in the value of stocks trading.
At the close of trading, the JSE Combined Market Index climbed 2,890.60 points to 347,251.23, the All Jamaican Composite Index jumped 3,546.34 points to end at 370,917.95, the JSE Main Index advanced 2,988.38 points to end at 335,171.56 the Junior Market Index popped 11.17 points to close at 3,770.31 and the JSE USD Market Index dropped 19.40 points to close at 207.57.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Eppley 5% preference share popping $1.98 to end at $20.99, 138 Student Living preference share dipped $13.50 to $106.67 and Productive Business Solutions 9.75% preference share fell $10.69 to close at $106.94.
At the close, investors exchanged 43,828,723 shares in all three markets, down from 46,795,133 units on Wednesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $139.5 million down from $118.5 million on Wednesday. 
Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 679,.924 shares for US$31,830 up from 323,887 units at US$5,124 on Wednesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.3 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.2 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
JSE Main Market climbs Juniors inch higher
Main Market stocks recorded decent gains in trading ahead of the Labour Day holiday on Tuesday but the Junior Market after struggling in the morning session managed to eke out a modest rise at the close while the JSE USD Market closed marginally higher as the market started the week on a positive note as trading picked up over Friday’s low levels, helped by an exchange of 27.8 million shares in Paramount Trading.
At the close of trading on Monday, the JSE Combined Market Index climbed 2,185.89 points to end at 344,360.63, while the All Jamaican Composite Index surged 3,640.76 points to 367,371.61, the JSE Main Index rallied 2,217.69 points to 332,183.18 the Junior Market Index popped 12.74 points to finish at 3,759.14 and the JSE USD Market Index popped 0.36 points to settle at 226.97.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market and not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Productive Business 10.50% preference share climbing $59.75 in closing at $1101, Productive Business Solutions 9.75% preference share increased $10.69 in closing at $117.63, Jamaica Public Service 7% dipped $6.95 to close at $79.06. Jamaica Public Service 9.5% lost $21 to end at $2979, JMMB Group 7.25% preference share fell 75 cents and ended at $4.25 crossing the market 2,085 units and 138 Student Living preference share dropped $5.33 to end at $120.17.
At the close, investors exchanged 46,795,133 shares in all three markets, compared with 17,012,254 units on Wednesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $118.5 million down from $92.6 million on Wednesday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 323,887 shares for US$5,124 up from 441,233 units at US$11,332 on Wednesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.3 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.3 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Junior Market up Main Market drops
Junior Market Stocks delivered a positive performance on Friday, with the market index putting in a solid gain to close the week, but the other two markets fell on Friday. All three markets closed the week lower than the close that the close of the prior week.
At the close, the JSE Combined Market Index dropped 1,119.71 points to end at 342,174.74, the All Jamaican Composite Index dived 3,388.21 points to 363,730.85, the JSE Main Index shed 1,634.37 points to 329,965.49 but the Junior Market Index jumped 44.28 points to finish at 3,746.40 and the JSE USD Market Index dropped 10.94 points to settle at 226.63.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with prices of Productive Business 10.50% preference share dropping $183.75 in closing at $1041.25 and Jamaica Public Service 7% climbing $17.99 to end at $86.01.
At the close, investors exchanged 17,012,254 shares in all three markets, up from 14,522,032 units on Wednesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $92.6 million down from $82.98 million on Wednesday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 441,233 shares for US$11,332 up from 85,659 units at US$8,596 on Wednesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.4 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.5 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
JSE trading continues in a narrow range
Stocks continue to trade in a narrow range on the Jamaica Stock Exchange on Thursday, with the market indices showing moderate movements fueled by a reduction in the volume and value of stocks traded but the JSE USD Index gained even as the volume and value in that market fell from that on Wednesday.
Trading ended after the JSE Combined Market Index popped 2,387.82 points to 343,294.45, the All Jamaican Composite Index shed 2,663.44 points to finish at 367,119.06, the JSE Main Index fell 2,392.04 points to 331,599.86, but the Junior Market Index shed 17.03 points to 3,702.12 and the JSE USD Market Index gained 1.19 points to end trading at 237.57.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Jamaica Public Service 7% climbing $19 to end at $104 with an exchange of 303 shares and 138 Student Living preference share gaining 50 cents to close at $125.50.
At the close, 14,522,032 shares were traded in all three markets, down from 15,209,895 units on Wednesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $82.98 million down from $104.96 million on Wednesday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 85,659 shares for US$8,596 down from 455,073 units at US$31,454 on Wednesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.3 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.5 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Moderate changes to JSE markets
The Main Market and Junior Market of the Jamaica Stock Exchange rose moderately on Wednesday but with reduced volume and value of stocks traded but the JSE USD Index declined even as the volume and value in that market rose over that on Tuesday.
Trading ended after the JSE Combined Market Index popped 114.63 points to close at 345,682.27. The All Jamaican Composite Index rose 178.41 points to 369,782.50, the JSE Main Index fell 54.13 points to 333,991.90 but the Junior Market Index rose 18.04 points to 3,719.15 and the JSE USD Market Index dipped 3.55 points to settle at 236.38.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Jamaica Public Service 7% shedding $5 in closing at $85.
At the close, investors exchanged 15,209,895 shares in all three markets, sharply down from 41,256,345 units on Tuesday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $104.96 million up from $187.5 million on Tuesday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 455,073 shares for US$31,454 up from 12,114 units at US$1,838 on Tuesday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.2 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.5 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
More trading gains for the JSE markets
Trading picked up on the Jamaica Stock Exchange on Tuesday with increased volume and value of stocks traded and leading to a rise in Main Market major indices and a slight rise in the JSE USD Index but the Junior Market Index declined.
at the close of trading the JSE Combined Market Index popped 957.80 points to 345,567.64. The All Jamaican Composite Index rose 2,328.48 points to 369,604.09, the JSE Main Index advanced 1,411.65 points to end trading at 334,046.03, but the Junior Market Index declined 38.64 points to finish at 3,701.11 and the JSE USD Market Index advanced 0.89 points to close at 239.93.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Eppley 7.25% preference share advancing $1.75 to end at $19.25, Jamaica Public Service 7% losing $15.97 to close at $90 and 138 Student Living preference share shedding $25 an ended at $125.
At the close, investors exchanged 41,256,345 shares in all three markets, up from 31,480,265 units on Monday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $187.5 million up from $91.7 million on Monday. 
Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 12,114 shares for US$1,838 down from 169,789 units at US$62,331 on Monday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.2 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.5 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.
Trading climbs for the JSE but indices fall
The volume as the value of stocks trading on the Jamaica Stock Exchange on Monday rose over Friday’s levels but the market indices went into a decline at the close of the market after some stocks traded at record high levels, including Transjamaican, an ICInsider.com BUY RATED stock that traded at a new high of $2.20 after the company released eye-popping first quarter results.
Trading ended with the JSE Combined Market Index dipping 685.38 points to 345,848.11, the All Jamaican Composite Index shedding 1,238.27 points to end at 344,609.84, the JSE Main Index dropping 1,073.25 points to 332,634.38, as the Junior Market Index declined by 25.87 points to finish at 3,739.75 and the JSE USD Market Index slipped fell 0.44 points to 239.04.
Shares in the preference segment of the Main Market not included in the TOP10 graphs ended with Eppley 7.25% preference share losing $2.49 in closing at $17.50, Jamaica Public Service 7% rallied $15.65 to $95, Jamaica Public Service 7% increased $10.97 to end at $105.97 and Productive Business Solutions 10.5% preference share rose $10 to end at $1225.
At the close, investors exchanged 31,480,265 shares in all three markets, up from 12,830,644 units on Friday, with the value of stocks trading amounting to $91.7 million up from $75.85 million on Friday. Trading on the JSE USD market resulted in investors exchanging 169,789 shares for US$62,331 from 120,088 units at US$5,287 on Friday.
The market’s PE ratio ended at 17.8 on 2022-23 earnings and 11.5 times those for 2023-24 at the close of trading.
Investors need pertinent information to successfully navigate numerous investment options in the local stock market. The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart and the more detailed daily report charts provide investors with regularly updated information to help decision-making.
Investors should use the chart to help make rational decisions when investing in stocks close to the average for the sector and not going too far from it unless there are compelling reasons to do so. This approach helps to remove emotions from investment decisions and put in on fundamentals while at the same time not being too far from the majority of investors. Investors who buy when the price of a stock is close to the average will find that they are not inclined to overpay for a stock.
The ICInsider.com PE ratio chart covers all ordinary shares on the Jamaica Stock Exchange and shows companies grouped on an industry basis, allowing easy comparisons between the same sector companies and the overall market.
The net asset value of each company is reported as a guide to assess the value of stocks based on this measure quickly. The chart also shows daily changes in stock prices and the percentage year to date price movement based on the last traded prices.
Dividends paid or payable and yields for each company are shown in the Main and Junior Markets’ daily report charts along with the closing volume pertaining to the highest bid and the lowest offer for each company.
The EPS & PE ratios are based on 2021 and 2022 actual or projected earnings, excluding major one off items. The PE Ratio is the most popular measure used to determine the value of stocks.